定语从句和名词性从句的区别

Question

每次做题都不知道那个是定语从句，哪个是名词性从句，有什么明显的区别吗？

Answer 1

一.名词性从句与定语从句不同的地方有：
1)定语从句有先行词，名词性从句没有先行词。
The thing that you ate just now is a fly 。
What you ate just now is a fly 。
2)定语从句不能用what引导，而名词性从句可以用what引导，也可以用that来引导，what在名词性从句中充当主语如宾语，that在名词性从句中不充当句子成份。What引导的名词性从句常翻译为“……的”表示一种特定的物”，往往是单数。如“你说的和你心里想的不一样。”What you said is not what you think of 。“我想要的就是你口袋里装的。”What I want to get is what is in your pocket。“你真幸运，你拥有一般女人不容易得到的美貌和智慧。You are lucky，you own what a woman doesn’t own ：beauty and wisdom 。what从句中如果有人出现,(如你,我,他)该从句往往是主动的.如果从句中没有人出现,从句往往是被动的.如”该说的”:what must be said has been said.”能吃的”:what can be eaten has been eaten.该做的都做了,不该做的也做了.能想像的你大胆去想像,能做的你要小心去做.
二.名词性从句用what还是that引导的区别:学生对用what还是用that引导,容易困惑.可以提醒学生注意观察从句的谓语动词,如果从句谓语是及物动词又没有宾语,那就应该用what.如从句句子完整无缺又无疑问,就应该用that.
用what，that 来填空：
1）_____you said is not right .
2) _____you said such words is not right .
3) _____you come is not right .
4)_____you gave me is a help to me .
5)_____you meet me is a help to me .
三.用who引导的名词性从句与定语从句的区别: 1.定语从句有先行词,名词性从句没有先行词.(1)The girl who is chosen is very happy.(2)Who is chosen is not known.
2定语从句往往翻译为:”……..的人”而名词性从句却往往翻译为”谁”
3名词性从句往往与未知不确定的主句连用,如”还不知道”还未被决定下来””仍然是个问题”,不单是who,象whether,where,when,why,how都适用于这个与”未知不确定”的三主句连用特点.而who引导的定语从句都是确定的，不会与”未知不确定”的主句连用。
(3)Who will be chosen is not known .
(4)The girl who was chosen yesterday is my sister .
有一个主人招待客人。一些客人来了，他说，“该来的没来。”结果已经来了的一些人以为他们是“不该来的已经来了”于是走了。那主人又说“不该走的又走了。”结果还在现场的人以为他们是“该走的没有走”，于是又走了。以上的句子都是确定的，所以不能用名词性从句，必须用定语从句。这主人说的话就是“The persons who should come haven‘t come 。”“The persons who should not leave have left 。那客人想到的就是：“The persons who should not come have come。”“The persons who should leave haven‘t leave 。”
6）最后谁赢还不知道呢？
7）该赢的没赢，不该赢的又赢了。
8）该受表扬的没得到表扬。
9）谁该被表扬仍然是个问题。
四.用whether, whether ,where ,when ,why, how, which引导的主语从句的特点:1.只能与”未知不确定”的主句连用.2.句子意思存在疑问因素,要根据句意选相应的疑问引导词.如无疑问就肯定是选that.如1)______the President was hit by a shoe in the hall yesterday was quite funny .句子完整无疑问,肯定要用that引导.2) ______the President was hit by a shoe in the hall yesterday was not known .” was not known”就属于主句”未知不确定的”肯定不能用that,从句不缺时间,地点,方式,或”那一个”,那就排除了when, where ,how ,which,只能用whether, why两个词.3) ____ he lives is still a question .” is still a question”属于”主句未知不确定”从句属于不完整,所以肯定不能用that,与从句谓语live相关,就应该是缺地点状语,用where引导才正确.4)______he is late is a riddle.. 5)______ he will go has not been decided .6)_______I will marry is not known ..7)______the accident happened is not clear ..

Answer 2

定语从句：它起的作用是修饰限制先行词，在句中要充当一定的句子成分。有关系代词和关系副词之分，首先你要看这个句子句子成分是否完整，然后看看在句中充当状语什么样的句子成分，是做主语宾语表语还是状语，要是缺少主语宾语表语，就用关系代词，要是缺少状语，那就用关系副词。
名词性从句具备名词的性质，可以分为主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句及同位语从句。你只要看看句子成份是否完整，比如：
what was important for her was her family .
句中有两个be动词，那么这个句子真正的主语你找到了吗？
应该是what was important for her是吗 ？ 也就是第二个was是真正的系词，这个what was important for her在句中做主语，它是一个句子就是主语从句了

Answer 3

一、定语从句和主句有一个共同的成分，分别是先行词和关联词，它们是替换关系。
如果是把A、B两个句子合并，构成一个含定语从句的复合句，关键要明确三点：
1、A句和B句中含有同一个名词成分（名词词组或整个句子）；
2、A句和B句中相同的名词成分是替换关系；
3、关系词的确定要依据先行词的具体情况。
例题：It is the house in which he has spent the happiest days of his life.
拆分：
A: It is the house
B: he has spent the happiest days of his life in the house
组合：
1、It is the house he has spent the happiest days of his life in the house.
2、It is the house the house he has spent the happiest days of his life in.
3、It is the house in the house he has spent the happiest days of his life.
整合：
It is the house which he has spent the happiest days of his life in.
It is the house that he has spent the happiest days of his life in.
It is the house in which he has spent the happiest days of his life.
It is the house where he has spent the happiest days of his life.
二、名词性从句原本是一个句子，放在主句中充当主语、宾语、标语或同位语。
1、陈述句变成名词性从句：that+陈述句
2、一般疑问句变名词性从句：whether/if +陈述句语序
3、特殊疑问句变名词性从句：特殊疑问词+陈述句语序本回答被提问者采纳

Answer 4

因为从句只是主句的一个成分，所以可以根据从句在主句中的作用判断。如果从句是充当定于的，那就是定语从句，如果是充当主语或者宾语或者同位语这些名词能够充当的角色的，就是名词性从句。
如果从 从句的结构 上来看，定于从句的引导词在从句中需要充当主语或者宾语的角色。值得注意的是，这里提到的宾语的角色包括动词宾语和介词宾语，因为where这种引导词其实是等于in which，也就是说which是介词in的宾语。