在初二英语课本里第二课有这样一些句子:1.I am not feeling well. 2.You are enjoying my school 3.My putonghua is not improving.等等类似的句子.我以前学过动词加-ing表现在进行时和表将来时态,可是像feel(连系动词),enjoiy(一般无进行时态的动词)和improve(表短暂动作的动词)这类动词在课本里都加了-ing,是否有特殊意义?
I.动名词与现在分词作表语时的比较 1.动名词作表语说明主语的内容,回答 what的问题;现在分词作表语相当于形容词作表语,说明主语的性质、特征等,回答how的问题。如: ①One of the best exercises is swimming.游泳是最好的运动项目之一。 ②What pleases him most is bathing in the sea.最使他高兴的事是在海中沐浴。 ③The situation both at home and abroad is very in- spiring.国内外的形势都很鼓舞人心。 ④The color is pleasing to the eye.颜色悦目。
2.动名词作表语,表语和主语几乎处于同等地位,可以互换位置,其句意不变;现在分词作表语,表语和主语则不能互换位置。如: ①Our work is serving the people.(=Serving the people is our work.)我们的工作是为人民服务。 ②The news was disappointing.那消息令人失望。
3.作表语的现在分词前可以用very,quite,rather, greatly等副词修饰,而动名词则不可以。如: ①What he said was very encouraging.他的话很鼓舞人心。 ②Our goal is realizing the four modernizations in the near future.我们的目标是在不久的将来实现四个现代化。
4.现在分词与形容词一样可以和more,the most构成形容词的比较级和最高级,而动名词则不可以。如: The story is the most fascinating.那个故事最迷人。
5.作表语用的现在分词除了和be连用以外,还可以和其它的系动词连用;而作表语的动名词则通常只能和be连用。如: ① His speech seems inspiring.他的演讲似乎很鼓舞人心。 ②His interest is writing for the newspapers.他的爱好是给报社写文章。
II.动名词与现在分词作定语时的比较 1.动名词作定语时,表示它所修饰的名词的性能和用途,和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系;现在分词作定语时,表示它所修饰的名词正在进行的动作,和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系,常可以扩展成一个定语从句。如: a swimming girl =a girl who is swimming一个在游泳的姑娘 a walking stick =a stick that is used for walking一根拐杖
2.现在分词作定语有时可以后置,而动名词则通常只能放在它所修饰词之前: ①The girl wearing glasses is one of his students.戴眼镜的那个女孩是他的一个学生。 (现在分词) ②I bought some reading materials.我买了一些阅读材料。(动名词)