可靠性是一个最重要的属性的绝缘体，是否它是一种聚合物（复合） 绝缘体或陶瓷。 The reliability of an insulator depends upon its electrical and mechanical strengths.绝缘体的可靠性取决于其电气和机械强度。 With the advent of modern manufacturing, mechanical molding and fixture technique, the mechanical strength is quite reliable.随着现代制造业，机械成型和夹具技术的问世，机械强度是相当可靠的。 However the electrical strength over decades is not fully guaranteed.但经过几十年的电气强度不能得到充分保证。 The modern style polymeric insulators were introduced about 25 years ago with most recent version about 13 years ago.现代风格的聚合物绝缘体推出最新版本大约25年前，大约13年前。 The reason for this was not failure of ceramic insulators, but the other benefits such as 90% weight reduction, better pollution performance and low associated costs of polymeric insulators over ceramic ones.这样做的原因是没有失败的陶瓷绝缘体，但其他好处，如重量减少90％，更好的抗污染性能和低相关成本对陶瓷的聚合物绝缘体。
Experience of outdoor insulation started from the introduction of telegraphic lines.户外绝缘的经验，开始从电报线的引进。 The pin and cap type insulators have been used since the last quarter of the 18th century.针和帽式绝缘子已用于自18世纪的最后一个季度。 These insulators are very reliable.这些绝缘体是非常可靠的。 Glass and porcelain insulators were the only type available before the introduction of newer polymeric insulators and thus had fully ruled over the market till late second half of the 20 th century.玻璃和瓷绝缘子的唯一类型前引进新的聚合物绝缘体 ，因此对市场的完全统治，直到20世纪后期下半年。 The polymeric insulator has a fiber rod structure covered with weather resistant rubbers and fillers and fitted with end fittings.聚合物绝缘体，覆盖耐候橡胶和填料的纤维杆结构，并配备了接头。 Such a type of insulator is also called composite insulator.这样的绝缘体类型也被称为复合绝缘子。
The most critical thing to be considered in outdoor insulators is the interface between the solid insulting body and the surrounding air.在户外绝缘子认为最关键的是坚实的侮辱性的身体和周围的空气之间的界面。 The problem appears at the interface because it is the interfering point of air and the solid insulator.在界面上出现问题，因为它是空气和固体绝缘体的干扰点。 This problem arises due to the effects of pollution, rain, dust, salt, corona, arcing over surfaces, nitric acid in air, etc.出现这种问题，由于污染，雨水，灰尘，盐，电晕，电弧超过表面，在空气中硝酸等的影响
These things increase the leakage current and deteriorate its performance.这些东西增加漏电流，并恶化其性能。 Surfaces of insulating bodies were therefore coated with glazed material for glass and porcelain insulators, and organic or semi-organic polymer rubbers for composite insulators.因此，表面涂有绝缘机构釉面玻璃和瓷绝缘子，复合绝缘子的有机或半有机高分子橡胶材料。
A typical composite insulator is composed of a glass fiber reinforced (GFR) epoxy or polyester core (rod), attached with metal end-fittings. （GFR）玻璃纤维增强环氧或聚酯的核心（杆）与金属件连接，组成一个典型的复合绝缘子。 This is the load bearing structure.这是承重结构。 GFR plastics are mechanically very strong but are not able to bear the outdoor environmental effects. GFR塑料机械非常强劲，但无法承受户外的环境影响。 The presence of dirt and moisture in combination with electrical stress causes the material to degrade by tracking and erosion.污垢和水分结合电应力的存在导致材料降解，通过跟踪和侵蚀。 So the rod is covered by a coating that protects it from outside stresses such as rain, salt, fog, pollution, etc. This coating is referred to as housing.因此，棒，从外部讲，诸如雨，盐，雾，污染等，这种涂层被称为住房保护涂层覆盖。
A housing material should be able to protect the load-bearing core and provide sufficient pollution withstand.一个外壳材料应能保护承重的核心，并提供足够的污染承受。 The reason of use of rubbers instead of ordinary plastics is simply the fact that the housing must be flexible enough to follow the changes in dimension caused by temperature or mechanical load. ，而不是使用普通塑料橡胶的原因很简单，事实上，房屋必须足够灵活，尺寸变化引起的温度或机械负荷。
The early developments of modern polymeric insulators started in 1964, and prototypes for field installations started in 1967, and a report from 1996 stated that insulators installed in 1969 were performing well.现代聚合物绝缘子的早期发展开始于1964年，和1967年开始现场安装的原型，并从1996年的报告指出，在1969年安装的绝缘体，表现良好。 The early types had an epoxy bonded E-glass fiber core covered with a thin room temperature vulcanized (RTV) silicon rubber housing.早期类型环氧保税无碱玻璃纤维薄室硫化温度（RTV）硅橡胶外壳覆盖的核心。
A major change in production technology occurred in 1978, when the housing material was replaced with ATH-filled high temperature vulcanized (HTV) silicon rubber.生产技术的一个重大的变化发生在1978年，当房屋的材料和ATH填充硫化温度高（HTV）硅橡胶所取代。
Composite insulators can be manufactured by different techniques.复合绝缘子可以制造不同的技术。 One way is to first manufacture the sheds separately and push them onto the core.一种方法是先制造鸡舍分开，并推到他们的核心。
This technique was abandoned because these insulators experienced a lot of problems.这种技术被放弃了，因为这些绝缘子经历了很多问题。 The weak spots were the interfaces between the sheds where moisture could penetrate into the insulator causing internal tracking.薄弱点水分可以渗透到绝缘体造成内部跟踪鸡舍之间的接口。 A better way is to first cover the core with housing, add the sheds onto it and then vulcanize the parts together.一个更好的方法是先盖住房的核心，它添加到鸡舍，然后一起硫化的部分。 This reduces the number of interfaces where moisture can penetrate to the GFR rod.这将减少数量的接口，其中的水分可以穿透GFR杆。
Today the most commonly used technique is one-shot molding.今天最常用的方法是一次性成型。 The whole insulator housing is then injection molded directly around the core in one piece.全绝缘外壳，然后注射成型围绕核心直接在一块。 In this way, the housing can be chemically bonded to the core, and the number of interfaces where moisture can penetrate is minimized.这样，房屋可以化学键的核心，是最小化的接口，其中水分可以穿透。 This technique is the most attractive to manufacturers because of the lower number of steps involved and short time of processing.这种技术是最有吸引力的厂家由于涉及的步骤和短的时间内处理数量较少。 There are three main types of silicone rubbers used in high voltage insulation applications: high temperature vulcanizing (HTV) silicon rubber, room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicone rubber and liquid silicone rubber (LSR).主要有三种类型的高电压绝缘应用中使用的硅橡胶高温硫化硅橡胶（HTV），室温硫化（RTV）硅橡胶和液态硅橡胶（LSR）。 HTV is cured at high temperature and pressure, catalyzed by peroxide induced free radicals or by hydrosilylation catalyzed by a noble metal, ie platinum. HTV是在高温高压催化过氧化氢诱导的自由基，或由贵金属，即铂催化硅氢化，治愈。 RTV is cured at lower temperature, ie around room temperature, by condensation reaction as one component system.室温固化在较低的温度，即作为一个组件系统通过缩合反应，室温各地。 The one component system is一个组件系统
cured by moisture diffusion from the surrounding air into the material and is rarely used for the production of insulators.从周围空气中的水分扩散到材料和治愈，很少用于生产绝缘子。
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