英语单词发音规则

如题所述

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英语单词在发音的时候,不是一个字母一个字母地来发音的,而是几个字母几个字母地拼起来发音的,因此英语单词叫“拼音文字”,几个拼起来发音的字母叫一个“音节”。音节有开音节、闭音节、半开音节之分,不同的音节里,要选择字母的不同发音。 比如单词China(中国)划分成chi-na两个音节,单词international(国际的)划分成in-ter-na-tio-nal五个音节,单词English(英语)划分成Eng-lish两个音节。
1. 快步英语定义的音节标准结构
一条蛇的结构是头、肚子、尾巴,一个英语音节的样子也与此相似,一个英语音节包括音节头、音节中、音节尾:
音节头 + 音节中 + 音节尾
音节头:指字母表中的辅音字母及辅音组合字母。
音节中:指字母表中的元音字母及元音组合字母。
音节头:指字母表中的辅音字母及辅音组合字母。
2. 快步英语的四种音节
有一个小秘密要告诉你,别看音节的标准结构是上面的样子,但实际上一个音节只有音节中不能缺,而音节头和尾是都是可以缺的。音节中为什么不能缺呢,因为它是元音字母,元音字母是音节的心脏,元音字母的“元”字就是“源泉”、“根源”的意思,没有了元音字母,就没有了英语发音。按照音节缺头缺尾的种类,快步英语把英语的音节分为以下四种音节:
1)头中尾音节:(头尾都不缺)
cat, fat, hot, dog, flag, match, cut, tip, march, meet, food, coat
2)中尾音节:(缺头)
at, am, of, old, egg, art, aid, eight
3)头中音节:(缺尾)
he, me, go, so, she, far, door, sea,
4)单中音节:(头尾都缺)
I, a, o, or, ear, are
3. 快步英语归纳的音节划分口诀
拿来一个长单词,怎样把它划分成短小的几个音节呢?快步英语把单词的音节划分方法总结成下面的音节划分口诀:
先找元音去尾e,一个元音一音节。
元音相连听音定,加上头尾是整体。
以上口诀是什么意思呢?由于元音字母是音节的心脏,给单词划分音节时,首先要找到的就是单词中的元音字母,每找到一个元音字母,就找到了一个音节中,就找到了一个音节。但英语单词词尾的元音字母e常常不发音,这个不发音的e不算成一个音节中,要去掉。
细心的学习者可能会问,如果两个元音字母之间有一个或多个辅音字母,那么这些辅音字母是给前面的音节当尾呢,还是给后面的音节当头呢?快步英语解决了这个难题,把它们分成几种情况来处理,并编成下面的又一组音节划分口诀:

一靠后,二分手,多个中间偏左右,
组合字母算一个,常见组合要遵守。
词尾看e加音节,发音不发分两种,
双字相连不连手,听音验证最后头,
解释意外不发愁。

以上口诀是什么意思呢?
一靠后:
当两个元音字母之间有一个辅音字母时,一般把它划分给后面的音节当头。
二分手:
当两个元音字母之间有两个辅音字母时,一般把它们分开,一边一个.
多个中间偏左右:
当两个元音字母之间有三个以上辅音字母时,中间的辅音字母要么划分给前面的音节当尾,要么划分给后面的音节当头。
组合字母算一个:
组合字母指“字母表”最后一列中的固定组合字母,它们组合后发一个音,在划分音节时一般被当成一个字母看待。
常见组合要遵守:
英语里有一些字母常常组合在一起,但它们不像固定组合字母那样发一个音,而是各发各的音,如pr,pl,fr,cl,sp,st, sk, scr, gr等等,这类组合字母在划分音节时一般不拆开,把它们划分在一起,尊重它们的常见组合习惯。
词尾看e加音节,发音不发分两种:
单词尾加er、est、ing等第一个元音字母肯定发音的词尾时,通常增加一个音节,并且把单词尾的辅音字母“抢”过来当音节头。单词尾加s、es、d、ed这四个词尾时,要看e增加音节。若e需要发音间隔则增加一个音节;若e不需要发音间隔则不增加音节。s,x,z,ch,sh连es时,因为e两边的字母发音相同或太相近,需要e发[i:]来间隔,并增加音节;t,d连ed时,也因为e两边的字母发音相同或太相近,需要e发[i:]来间隔,并增加音节。其他情况下e不发音,不增加音节。
双字相连不连手:
英语里有很多单词是由两个单词连起来构成的,如rest-room, it-self,how-ever这种情况下两个单词一般分开发音,不合并。若两个单词的头尾相接字母是字母表里的固定组合字母,一般也要拆开发音,不合并。
有声验证最后头,解释意外不发愁。
以上口诀结合大量单词练习后很快就能熟练使用,立刻练习出见字读音前的音节划分能力.

简单到家的 快步英语 发音规则口诀

划分完单词的音节后,按照什么规则对音节中的字母进行发音呢?请大家记住六个字原则:多种、顺口、美声。多种:字母表中的一个英语字母常有多种发音;顺口:从多个发音中选择最顺口的发音来发音;美声:顺口就顺耳,就好听,就“美声”。
与世界上很多语言的发音相比,英语发音是比较照顾人的嘴和耳朵的,英语里一个字母有几个发音供选择,确定单词里一个字母的发音时,可在几种发音中轮换选择,最终选择最顺口顺耳的发音来发音。为便于大家学会这种选择,下面把选择规则归纳成12句话,称为“12句话发音规则口诀”,若能倒背如流并能熟练使用这个口诀,则英语见字读音能力可彻底过关。

1) 开音节单个元音字母发小口音
2) 闭音节单个元音字母发大口音
3) 组合字母固定发音
4) 不顺口调整发音
5) 多元音相连省略发音
6) 古老、外来单词不规则发音
7) s后弱音重音时强化
8) r前元音卷舌
9) s、es、d、ed被前面带动发音
10)多音节一重多轻发音
(重音在最顺口的位置上,并尽量发大口音)
11)轻音节怎么轻怎么发音
(但要尽量保留字根的发音)
12)最后要有声验证发音
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第1个回答  2011-08-26
英语字母发音表和英语标准音标和发音规则及实例
1 元音:
1) [i:] 字母组合:ee ea e ie
three tree green sheep meet beef see seek
eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please
he she me
piece receive ceiling

2) [i] 发音字母 i y e
sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss
myth many twenty happy dictionary
defect decide delicious

3) [æ ]发音字母 a
bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man

4) [e] 字母组合 ea e a
head bread pleasure
elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes
many any

5) [ə:] 字母组合 ir ur ear ur or
girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird
turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger
learn earn earth heard
term her nerd serve
work worm work world

6) [ə] 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u
teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder
doctor actor mayor author tractor
delicious gracious pleasure
familiar collar dollar
together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control polite around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china
men listen
famulus Saturday

7) [a:] 字母组合 ar a
car farm card arm garden
fast class last glass plant aunt calm

8) [ʌ] 发音字母 u o ou oo
up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus
come mother dose brother love above
trouble rough flourish
blood flood

9) [ɔ:]字母组合 al or au our ar
small wall talk tall hall ball call walk
short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store
author caught autumn
four mourn court bought
warm quarrel quarter

10) [ɒ] / [ɔ]发音字母 o a
hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not
want wash

11) [u:] 字母组合 oo o u
food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth
shoe do two
true truth blue full

12) [u] 字母组合 oo ou u o
look good foot book
should could
put full bull pull push
women whose

13) [ei] 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey
name cake late gate plane April
play say may way
great break
rain paint plain
they grey

14) [ai] 发音字母 i y
bike fine find die nine light night high
my try fly eye

15) [au] 字母组合 ou ow
house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse
flower down now cow how town

16) [əu] 发音字母 o ow oa
home cold go no phone host ghost
know low below grow blow show flow
boat coat goal

17) [ɔɪ] 字母组合oy oi
boy toy joy
oil soil voice choice

18) [iə] 字母组合 eer
beer deer ear idea near here fierce

19) [eə] 字母组合ear air
pear bear chair air fair care there where

20) [uə] tour poor

2 容易混淆的元音
[æ] [e] bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said
[i:] [ei] real rail greet great mean main read raid
[e] [ai] bet bite red write said side head hide
[au] [ɔ:] house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count corn
[au] [ʌ] found fond down done gown gone town ton

3辅音
1) [p] pen pear play pig pour pull push
2) [b] book big boot bike bread break
3) [t] tree two ten ton town twenty city
4) [d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary
5) [k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky (发音字母k)
card cat cream correct climb come account accept (发音字母c)
fox box oxygen x-ray (发音字母x)
school schedule schema (字母组合ch)
6) [g] girl good goal goat grade long language
7) [m] man make moon morning move come comb
8) [n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean
9) [ŋ] uncle bank English think thank junk
sing king morning evening
10) [l] long land lend lord fly flag black
world cold could goal soul
11) [r] read red right run room write
12) [f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife
cough laugh rough physic photo phone
13) [v] very evening even every voice vest
14) [s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (发音字母s)
license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (发音字母c)
licence piece juice science lance space ace (字母组合ce)
15) [z] zoo zebra zero zap
close nose hose suppose pause those whose
16) [θ] think thank three thirty tooth mouth
17) [ð] that this those these though
18) [ʃ] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash
nation attention station
social special
sure
19) [ʃə] pleasure
20) [h] hot hop home house horse how who
21) [w] when what where window wind wood
22) [j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow
23) [tʃ] child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach
24) [dʒ] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge
joy enjoy join July June junk
25) [tr] tree country try treat track trunk
26) [dr] dry dream drop drive drink
27) [ts] students boots boats goats nuts
28) [dz] goods woods moods hoods

4容易混淆的辅音
[v] [w] vest west vet wet vine wine very well
[s] [θ] sink think mass math miss myth sort sought
[z] [ð] close cloth breeze breathe
[n] [ŋ] thin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing

添加一点:
9) [ɔ:]字母组合 al or au our ar aw small wall talk tall hall ball call walk
short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store
author caught autumn
four mourn court bought
warm quarrel quarter
draw saw flaw
23) [tʃ] child chicken china chair lunch ouch teach (字母组合ch)
catch watch match (字母组合tch)

5 字母,组合音节发音规律
1)a [ei] [æ] [ə] [a:] [ɔ:]
late private grade bake grape nation station page
active hand bank fan parent family glad flag
accept about above formative machine cinema
fast last glass class past father
wash what watch want

2)e [i:] [e] [i] [ə] 不发音
appreciate extremely secret she me he
letter left message generate pebble
decide pretty previous result restore
problem prosperous student confident
active table late wife store lecture

3)i [ai] [i]
high price library ice cream wife size line
fist pick chicken piano fiancé city unit

4)o [əu] [u:] [ʌ] [ə] [ɔ]
lode host cold note okay old home
lose do who whose prove
love some other mother honey company
today tomorrow together control collect
lost hot mock office soft honest

5)u [ju] [u] [ʌ] [ə]
university refuse unique universe huge
put push pull full bull
but brush bucket duck bubble
support suggest

6)c [k] [s]
country camp camera courage cable
city ceiling celebrate cell cease

7)g [g] [dʒ] [ŋ]
girl grade glass glade bag flag
village vegetable bridge gentleman gym
long song sing morning evening

8) l [l] 读音不同
listen learn language collect English gorilla
world cold soil tall sell cool animal

9) n [n] [ŋ]
moon night noodle number
uncle hungry angry young

10) r [r] [[](美语发音)
right read write grade progress
card board door floor form north

11)y [j] [i] [ai]
yellow year yell young yolk
university country pretty happy
dyke dying fly buy by my

12)ar [a:] [ə] [ɔ:]
farm card garden mark
dollar
warm quarrel quarter

13) ea [i:] [e] [ei] [iə]
cease season breathe feature meat please
bread breast breath meadow weather
great break
idea realize

14) ear [ə:] [iə]
learn earth earn heard
hear near clear ear fear

15) er [ə:] [ə] [iə]
deserve serve her person
teacher driver anger singer
serious experience mysterious fierce

16)ere [iə] [εə]
here mere fere sere
there

17) ir [ə:] [ai]
shirt girl skirt
admire desire

18) oo [u:] [u] [ʌ] [ɔ:]
room tool cool moon noon goof food
good foot stood wood wool cook wood book
blood flood
door floor

19) or [ɔ:] [ə:] [ə]
short form corn born for
work world worm word worst
tractor doctor actor sector senior senator

20) oor [ɔ:] [uə]
door floor
moor poor boor

21) our [uə] [ɔ:]
hour tour flour bourn lour
pour court four mourn

22) ou [au] [ʌ] [ə]
house mouth mouse sound found
enough trouble touch
delicious gracious prosperous

23) ow [əu] [au]
window meadow know show low
now town how down cow

24) se [z] [s]
nose suppose gose lose pose rose
mouse house

25) th [θ] [ð]
thank think thought cloth
clothes that this then than

26) sion [ʃ ə n] [ʒ ə n]
propulsion tension progression passion
protrusion provision conclusion television

27) tion [ʃ ə n] [tʃ ə n](不常见)
station nation translation attention
question

6关于语音的几个概念:
Phonics 是一种(方法), 是教育学习者从字母排列中去拼读出单个字来.

AHD表示美语发音,The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language(简称AHD)
KK音标是一套(注音符号系统),是由John Samuel Kenyon 和 John Albert Knott两位美国学者共同编著的发音词典A Pronouncing Dictionary of American1956中用于标注美式发音的符号系统, 这是一套最常用的也是最权威的注音法,从此人们把美语标准发音惯称为KK音标。

DJ是根据英国学者Daniel Jones编的英语发音字典 (English Pronouncing Dictionary, 1963)中的标音而来.

英式读音根据的是English Pronouncing Dictionary 《英语正音辞典》。它们代表了被称为“Received Pronuciation”(RP)(标准读音)的读音,这在受过教育的英国人尤其是南部英格兰人中通用。

1888年国际语音协会 (International Phonetic Association) 的语言学家便制定出一套可国际通用的语音符号叫国际音标符号 (IPA—International Phonetic Alphabet),希望以一个符号代表一音,并避免各人使用一套自己的符号所产生的不便。

国内的英文字典里最常见的音标为英式发音的国际音标 (DJ) 和美式发音的KK音标,前者乃根据Daniel Jones编的英语发音字典 (English Pronouncing Dictionary, 1963),后者则是根据John S. Kenyon & Thomas A. Knott二氏的美语发音字典 (A Pronouncing Dictionary of American English, 1956)。值得一提的是,KK音标所使用的符号均从前面提到的国际音标符号 (IPA) 而来,Kenyon & Knott二氏仅将其中适用于美式英语的符号截取出来。

音素: 音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素.
音节: 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位.
元音: 发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音.
辅音: 发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个辅音.
开音节:
1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e kite cake name bike make take home plane shine
2)辅音+元音 he hi go no do be tree three hello

闭音节:
1)辅音+元音+辅音 sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head
2)元音+辅音 it is of in on up out ant
有一个不错的网址介绍给你吧,里面有所有的国际音标.还有分类.
http://image2.sina.com.cn/dongman/f/1_55-4-248_20011205163651.swf
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