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原文如下：
Hawking grew up outside London in an intellectual family. His father was a physician and specialist in tropical diseases; his mother was active in the Liberal Party. He was an awkward schoolboy, but knew from early on that he wanted to study science.
He became increasingly skilled in mathematics and in 1958 he and some friends built a primitive computer that actually worked. In 1959 he won a scholarship to Oxford University, where his intellectual capabilities became more noticeable.
In 1962 he got his degree with honors and went to Cambridge University to pursue a PhD in cosmology. There he became intrigued with black holes (first proposed by J. Robert Oppenheimer) and "space-time singularities," or events in which the laws of physics seem to break down. After receiving his PhD, he stayed at Cambridge, becoming known even in his 20s for his pioneering ideas and use of Einstein's formulas, as well as his questioning of older, established physicists.
In 1968 he joined the staff of the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge and began to apply the laws of thermodynamics to black holes by means of very complicated mathematics. He published the very technical book, Large Scale Structure of Space-Time but soon afterwards made a startling discovery.
It had always been thought that nothing could escape a black hole; Hawking suggested that under certain conditions, a black hole could emit subatomic particles. That is now know as Hawking Radiation. He continued working on the theory of the origin of the universe, and in doing so found ways to link relativity (gravity) with quantum mechanics (the inner workings of atoms). This contributed enormously to what physicists call Grand Unified Theory, a way of explaining, in one equation, all physical matter in the universe.
At the remarkably young age of 32, he was named a fellow of the Royal Society. He received the Albert Einstein Award, the most prestigious in theoretical physics. And in 1979, he was appointed Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge, the same post held by Sir Isaac Newton 300 years earlier.
There he began to question the big bang theory, which by then most had accepted. Perhaps, he suggested, there was never a start and would be no end, but just change -- a constant transition of one "universe" giving way to another through glitches in space-time. All the while, he was digging into exploding black holes, string theory, and the birth of black holes in our own galaxy.
In 1988 Hawking wrote A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes , explaining the evolution of his thinking about the cosmos for a general audience. It became a best-seller of long standing and established his reputation as an accessible genius. He wrote other popular articles and appeared in movies and television. He remains extremely busy, his work hardly slowed by Lou Gehrig's disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a disease that affects muscle control) for which he uses a wheelchair and speaks through a computer and voice synthesizer.
译文：
霍金成长在一个知识分子家庭之外的伦敦。他的父亲是一名医生和热带疾病专家，他的母亲在自由党活跃。他是个笨手笨脚的小学生，但从很早就知道他想学科学。他变得越来越熟练的数学，1958他和一些朋友建立了一个原始的电脑，实际工作。1959，他获得了牛津大学的奖学金，在那里他的智力能力变得更加引人注目。1962，他以优异的成绩获得学位，并去剑桥大学攻读宇宙学博士学位。在那里，他开始对黑洞（最初由J.罗伯特·奥本海默提出）和“时空奇点”或物理定律似乎崩溃的事件感兴趣。在获得博士学位后，他留在剑桥，甚至在他20多岁时就因为开创性的思想和利用爱因斯坦的公式，以及对年长的、公认的物理学家的质疑而闻名。
1968年，他加入了剑桥天文研究所的工作人员，开始用非常复杂的数学方法把热力学定律应用于黑洞。他出版了非常专业的书《时空的大规模结构》，但很快就有了惊人的发现。人们一直认为没有什么能逃脱黑洞；霍金提出，在某些条件下，黑洞可以发射亚原子粒子。这就是现在已知的霍金辐射。他继续研究宇宙起源的理论，并找到了将相对论（重力）与量子力学（原子的内部运作）联系起来的方法。这极大地促进了物理学家所谓的大统一理论，一种在一个方程中解释宇宙中所有物理物质的方法。
在32岁那年，他被任命为皇家学会会员。他获得了艾伯特-爱因斯坦奖，这是理论物理学中最有声望的奖项。1979年，他被任命为剑桥大学卢卡斯数学教授，300年前，艾萨克·牛顿爵士担任过这个职位。在那里他开始质疑宇宙大爆炸理论，那时大多数人已经接受了。他暗示，也许，从来没有开始，也没有结束，而只是改变——一个宇宙通过时空上的小故障不断向另一个宇宙过渡。一直以来，他都在挖掘黑洞，弦论，以及我们银河系中黑洞的诞生。
1988年，霍金写了《时间简史：从大爆炸到黑洞》，为广大读者解释了他对宇宙思想的演变。它成了畅销书，源远流长，确立了他作为一个天才的名声。他写了其他受欢迎的文章，出现在电影和电视上。他仍然非常忙，他的工作几乎没有减慢Lou Gehrig的疾病（肌萎缩侧索硬化症，一种影响肌肉控制的疾病），他使用轮椅，通过电脑和语音合成器讲话。
扩展资料:
斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金（Stephen William Hawking，1942年1月8日至2018年3月14日），男，出生于英国牛津，英国剑桥大学著名物理学家，现代最伟大的物理学家之一、20世纪享有国际盛誉的伟人之一。
1963年，霍金21岁时患上肌肉萎缩性侧索硬化症（卢伽雷氏症），全身瘫痪，不能言语，手部只有三根手指可以活动。1979至2009年任卢卡斯数学教授，主要研究领域是宇宙论和黑洞，证明了广义相对论的奇性定理和黑洞面积定理，提出了黑洞蒸发理论和无边界的霍金宇宙模型，在统一20世纪物理学的两大基础理论——爱因斯坦创立的相对论和普朗克创立的量子力学方面走出了重要一步。获得CH（英国荣誉勋爵）、CBE（大英帝国司令勋章）、FRS（英国皇家学会会员）、FRSA（英国皇家艺术协会会员）等荣誉。
2012年4月6日播出的热播美剧《生活大爆炸》第五季第21集中，史蒂芬·霍金本色出演参与了客串。2017年为英国BBC录制纪录片《探索新地球》。物理学家斯蒂芬·霍金11月6日表示，技术有望逆转工业化对地球造成的一些危害，有助于消除疾病和贫困，但人工智能需要加以控制。2017年11月，霍金预言2600年能源消耗增加，地球或将变成“火球”。
2018年3月14日，霍金逝世，享年76岁。霍金逝世后，引发全球各界悼念。
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