英语中被动语态的用法？

Question

详细介绍

Answer 1

一. 何时使用被动语态 1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要 如：Paper is made from wood. The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. He was wounded in the fight. 2. 需要强调动作的承受者时 如：Calwlator can't be used in the maths exam. Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn't be taken away. He was awarded first prize in that contest. 3为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语态，使句子得以更好的安排。 如：The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. Electricity is used to run machines. 二. 被动语态的构成 1. be+done 可以是被动语态，也可以是系表结构形式。被动语态中，done可以带by短语，而系表结构中done相当于adj. 不带 by短语。 如：The question is settled. (系表结构) Such questions are settled by us. (被动语态) The composition is well written. (系表结构) The composition is written with great care . (被动语态) The job was well done. (系表结构) The job was well done by a skilled worker. (被动语态) 2. 许多verbs(broken, interested, shut, worried), 既可以用做adj.也可以在被动语态结构中做过去分词。句中如果有by，通常是被动语态。 如：I was worried abeutyou all night. (表状态) I was worried by mosquitoes all night. (表动作) The glass was broken by Jack. (表动作) The glass is broken. (表状态) I was frightened by his ghost story. She was frightened at the sight of a snake. 三. 不同形式的被动语态 1. 含有直宾和间宾的主动结构，变为被动时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动一般是主语结构的间接宾语变为被动的主语。 如：He showed me his pictures. I was shown his pictures by him. His pictures were shown to me by him. Aunt made me a new dress. I was made a new dress by aunt. A new dress was made for me by aunt. He sent me a birthday present. I was sent a birthday present by him. A birthday present was sent to me by him. 2含有复合宾语的主动句，宾补不变。 （1） 将宾语变为主语，宾补不变。 如：They call her XiaoLi. She is called XiaoLi. He left the door open. The door war left open by him. （2） make, let, have,hear, watch, see, feel, notice. help既动词后变做宾补的不定式一般不加to，变为被动，必须加to . 如：My brother often made me do this and that when I was young. I was often made to do this and that by my brother when I young. I heard her move about in her room upstairs last night. She was heard to move about in her room uptairs last night. Did you see Jack take away the magazine? Was Jack seen to take away the magazine? 3. 情态动词的被动语态。是由情态V+be+p.p.构成 如：They can not find him. He can not be found. You must pay me for this. I must be paid for this. He can repair your watch. Your watch can be repaired. 4. 短语V的被动语态 一般来讲，只有及物V才有被动语态，因为只有vt才能有动作的承受者; 但有许多由不及物动词+介词及其他词类构成的短语动词，相当与及物动词，可以有宾语。因而可以有被动语态，但应注意短语V是一个不可分割的整体。变被动时，不可丢掉构成短语的prep或adv.这样的短语有：look after, listen to, look at, pay attention to, take care of, look forward to, make ues of,etc. 如：They had put out the fire before the fire--brigade arrived. The fire had been put out before the fire-brigade arrived. They will set up a new public school here. A new public school will be set up here. 5. 有些动词用主动形式表被动含义。. 如：The goods sells well. The door can't open. 6.有些词如want,need,require和 be worth后面，v-ing形式为主动，意义为被动。 如：The room needs/wants/requires cleaning. The book is worth reading. 7.主动语态中的宾语是从句，变成被动时使用形式替代词it. 如：We know that Britain is an island country. It's known that Britain is an island country. The teacher said that this book has been translated into several languages It's said that this book has been franslated into several languages 8. 宾语为反身代词，相互代词及虚词it时，不用被动，只用主动。 如：I will do it myself. The man introduced himself as Mr. Wang. 9. 谓语动词是以下时，无被动。 happen, belong to, suit, fit(适合), have, let, join, fall, last（延长）,cost（花费） break out（爆发）appear, burst out(迸发)，hold(容纳)，lack（缺乏），agree with（同意）. 10. 据说类动词：say,consider, think, report, know, believe, suggest, understand, hope, etc. 如：It is said that… There is said to be… Sth./Sb. is said to… 11.主动形式表被动 ① 感官动词：sound,taste,smell,fell,look,seem等主语是物时； ② 一些vi主动形式表被动含义open, close, shut, read, write, translate, wash, clean, lock, sell, wear, cut, cook, eat, weigh, drink, pay, draw, etc. ③不定式to blame,to let（出租）作表语时，主动形式表被动含义 ④表（sth）需要的need ,want,require等后的动名词用主动形式表被动含义 ⑤be worth后的动名词主动形式表被动含义
转自:<a href=' http://www.yuloo.com/gk/'>高考招生网</a>

Answer 2

一、 明确被动语态的使用场合 一般来说,当句子的主语是句子谓语动作的承受者时,句子要用被动语态而不能用主动语态。如： According to the news, many college students asked to be sent to the faraway places. 按照这个消息的说法，很多大学生要求被派往边远地区。 二、主动形式表被动意义 1. 有些表示状态特征的系动词、感官动词，如look, sound, feel, smell, taste, prove, appear, sound, turn out 等+形容词/名词的系表结构。如： The music sounds beautiful. 这音乐听起来很美。 2. 表示主语的某种属性特征的动词。如：read, write, act, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink, keep, feel,burn, last, strike, cut等。这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语。或与表示行为方式的状语连用，或与情态动词连用。如： This coat dries easily. 这件大衣很容易干。 The door won't lock. 这扇门锁不上。 3. 表示开始、结束、运动的动词。如begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, move。如： Work began at 7 o'clock this morning. 今天早晨的工作是7点开始的。 4. 少数动词用于进行时，其主动形式表示被动含义。如：print, build, cook, fry, hang, build, make。如： The books are printing. 这些书正在印刷中。 5. 介词in, on, under ... + 名词构成的介词短语表示被动意义。如： The house facing the tower is in the possession of Mr Bob. 面对着塔的屋子是Bob的。 6. 当get, become, go 等动词用作系动词，其表语是过去分词时，可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。如： The patient got treated once a week. 那位病人一周得到一次治疗。 7. 某些不及物动词或相当于不及物动词的短语动词如break out, go well, take place, occur等。如： What body changes occur when the sperm whale drives? 抹香鲸潜入水中时，身体会发生什么变化？ 8. want, need, require等动词后用V-ing形式可以表示被动意义。如： The machine needs repairing. 这台机器需要修理了。 9. 形容词worth + V-ing分词时。如： This book is well worth reading again. 这本书很值得再读一遍。 三、不能转化成被动语态的主动句 我们知道不及物动词没有被动语态，有的及物动词也可以用作不及物动词，同样也没有被动语态，凡是属于下列情况的主句不能转化成被动语态： 1. 某些表示状态的及物动词。如：have, own, possess, lack, want, fit, suit, become, last, cost, fail, escape, hold等。如： Our boss possesses great wealth. 我们老板拥有巨大的财富。 2. 当宾语是反身代词或相互代词时，不能有相应的被动语态。如： I cut myself when I was cutting meat. 当我切肉时，割伤了自己。 3. 当宾语是不定式或动名词时，通常不能有对应的被动句。如： This might help to bring out the problem more clearly. 这也许有助于使问题明朗化。 四、不及物动词的被动结构 一般地说，不及物动词没有被动结构，这是因为不及物动词没有宾语，但有些不及物动词接上介词、副词或其他成分构成一个短语动词，相当于及物动词，这时可以有被动语态，但是要注意所接的介词、副词或其它成分一定不能省略。如： We must write to him. →He must be written to. 我们必须写信给他。

Answer 3

几分钟掌握被动语态，快点来学习吧

Answer 4

当主语是物的情况下，be+动词过去分词

Answer 5

一、语态概述
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。
例如：Many
people
speak
English.
谓语：speak的动作是由主语many
people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English
is
spoken
by
many
people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念；而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，从而是句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。
例如：He
opened
the
door.他开了门。(主动句)
The
door
was
opened.门被开了。(被动句)
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught
一般过去时：was／were＋taught
一般将来时：will／shall
be＋taught
现在进行时：am／is／are
being＋taught
过去进行时：have／has
been＋taught
现在完成时：have／has
been＋taught
歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。
三、被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如：
Some
new
computers
were
stolen
last
night.
一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
This
book
was
published
in
1981.这本书出版于1981年。
(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
例如：the
window
was
broken
by
Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。
This
book
was
written
by
him.这本书是他写的。
Eight
hours
per
day
for
sleep
must
be
guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。
歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；
动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)
(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：
All
the
people
laughed
at
him.
He
was
laughed
at
by
all
people.
They
make
the
bikes
in
the
factory.
The
bikes
are
made?by
them?in
the
factory.
歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。
谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。
五、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”，原来带to要保留。例如：
We
can
repair
this
watch
in
two
days.
This
watch
can
be
repaired
in
two
days.
You
ought
to
take
it
away.
It
ought
to
be
taken
away.
They
should
do
it
at
once.
It
should
be
done
at
once.