高手帮忙翻译英语短文 在线等急用，,不要电脑翻译的的，要人工翻译的，句意通顺，翻译好有加分，谢谢!

Question

Traditional western ways of thinking can often lead to an 1)_ impasse _ when we are confronting a truly difficult problem. This happened to Dr. Edward Jenner when he was trying to 2)_ come _ up with a vaccine for the deadly disease known as smallpox. Jenner was 3)_ able _ to solve the problem he faced by changing the 4)_ framework within which he looked at it. Rather than focusing on people who had smallpox, he 5) looked carefully at those who seemed never to get the disease. This change in 6)_ tactics _ is an example of what is known as “lateral thinking.” The term means choosing not to approach a problem head-on, but instead looking at it 7)__ sideways _. In lateral thinking, being able to take in and 8)_ consider _ all kinds of ideas, no matter how unlikely they might seem, is of the 9)_ utmost _ significance. Lateral thinking can help all kinds of people, from smokers who want to give 10)__ up _ their habit, to archers who need to relax in order to perform 11)_ at _ their best. This idea does not 12)_ imply that solutions which come from vertical thinking are always deeply 13) flawed _ . The truth is that different ways of thinking have different 14)_ advantages when you get stuck struggling with a problem head-on, thinking laterally can help you to shift your point of view and perhaps see a 15)_ solution you wouldn’t other wise notice.

Unit 4
A recent educational experiment showed that the difference between “gifted” children and regular ones may have as much as to do with 1)__expectations__ as with intelligence. An elementary school teacher was 2)_deceived__ into thinking that her students were above average in intelligence. She then 3)__managed__ to get them to do outstanding work, even though their true IQs were well within the normal range. It seems that her belief in her students’ intelligence was enough to turn them 4)_into_ better learners.It’s difficult to 5)__pinpoint __exactly how such beliefs are expressed. It 6)__may __have to do with how a teacher talks to the class: many positive, supportive expressions and few expressions of impatience, annoyance, or 7)__irritation__.Non-verbal communication, including 8)_facial __expressions, probably plays a role too. But one thing is clear: labels and expectations 9)__strongly _ influence results. Outside of the classroom, labeling can, as 10) often__ as not, have a negative effect. The labels we put on different social groups are usually not 11)__inclusive__. In fact, they are often sexist or racist. Of 12)__course__ , there is good and bad in all kinds of people. But we 13)__tend__to accept some ideas about certain groups more readily than about others. The school experiment shows that such labels have a 14)__great__ deal of power. But when labels are unfair and negative they can be very 15)__damaging__.

Answer 1

西方传统思维方式往往可以导致1）_僵局_当我们面临的真正困难的问题。这件事给爱德华·詹纳医生当他试图2）_来_与一种致命的疾病称为天花。詹纳为3）_能够_解决问题，他面对改变4）_框架内，他看着它。而不是着眼于人谁得了天花，他5）仔细地看着那些似乎从未得到疾病。这一变化在6）_战术_例子是所谓的“横向思维。”这个术语的意思是选择不解决问题，而不是看它7）__侧身_。横向思维，能带和8）_考虑_各种思想，不管有多么的不可能他们看起来，是9）_最大_意义。横向思维可以帮助所有人，吸烟者谁想要让10）__了_习惯，射箭需要放松才能执行11）_在_最好。这个想法不12）_意味着解决方案，从纵向思维总是13）有缺陷的_。事实是，不同的思维方式有不同的14）_优点当你陷入挣扎的一个问题的正面，横向思维可以帮助你改变你的看法，也许是见15）_解你不会有其他的通知。

4单元

最近的一项教育实验表明，“天才”之间的差异儿童和普通可能有高达1）做__expectations__与智慧。小学老师在2）_deceived__以为她的学生高于平均水平的情报。然后她3）__managed__让他们做的出色的工作，尽管他们真正的智商在正常范围。看来，她相信她的学生智力足以使他们4）_into_更好的学习者。很难5）__pinpoint __exactly这种信仰的表达。6）__may __have如何做一个老师讲的课：许多积极的，支持表达式和一些表达不耐烦，烦恼，或7）__irritation__。非语言沟通，包括8）_facial __expressions，可能也发挥了作用。但有一点是明确的：标签和期望：9）__strongly _影响结果。教室外面，可以作为标记，10）often__不产生负面影响。标签我们把不同社会群体通常不是11）__inclusive__。事实上，他们往往是性别歧视或种族歧视。12）__course__，有好的和坏的各种人。但我们13）__tend__to接受一些关于某些群体更容易比别人。学校的实验表明，这种标签有14）__great__的能力。但当标签是不公平的，他们可以很负15）__damaging__。

Answer 2

西方传统的思维方式会导致一个1)_僵局_当我们正面临一个真正困难的问题。这发生在当他博士爱德华·试图2)_来_用疫苗致命的疾病称为天花。詹纳是3)_能够_来解决这个问题,他所面临的改变4)_的框架,在该他看着它。而不是集中在那些有天花,他5)仔细看着那些好象从来得此疾病。这种变化在6)_战术_的一个例子就是所谓的“横向思维。“过去,术语意味着选择不去接洽一个直面问题,而是看它7)__侧向_。在横向思维,能够接受和8)_考虑_各种各样的想法,不管怎样它们似乎是不可能的,是9)_最大限度_意义。横向思维可以帮助各种各样的人,从戒烟者想给10)__了_他们的习惯、弓箭手需要放松为了执行11)_在_他们最好的。这个想法并不12)_意味着解决方案,其中来自纵向思维总是深感13)有缺陷的_。事实是,不同的思维方式有不同的14)_优势当你卡住的挣扎在直面问题,纵向思维能帮你改变你的视角,也许看到15)_解决你不会注意到其他明智。

单位4

最近的一个教育实验表明,“天才”之间的区别,孩子和普通可能高达与1)__expectations__与情报。一个小学教师是2)_deceived__认为她的学生在智力高于平均水平。然后她3)__managed__让他们做杰出的工作,即使他们真正的智商也在正常范围内。看来她相信她学生的智力就足够使他们4)_into_更好的学习者。很难5)__pinpoint __exactly表达人们是怎么怀有这样的信念。它6)__may __have与老师与学生们:许多积极、支持表达式和一些表达式不耐烦的,烦恼,或7)__irritation__。非语言沟通,包括8)_facial __expressions,也可能起作用。但有一件事是清楚的:标签和预期9)__strongly _影响结果。在课堂以外的,标签可以,为10)often__不是,有负面的影响。标签我们穿上不同的社会团体通常是不__inclusive__ 11)。事实上,它们常常带有性别歧视或种族歧视。__course__ 12个),有很好的和坏的在各种各样的人。但我们13)__tend__to接受一些思想对某些群体相比更容易对他人。学校实验表明这种标签有14)__great__权力的协议。但当标签是不公平的,他们会非常负面__damaging__ 15)。

Answer 3

第一段：
当我们面对一个真正的难题时，传统的西方思维方式经常会导致一种僵局。爱德华·詹纳医生试图用牛痘苗来治疗致命的天花病的时候就出现过这种情况。通过改变观察的框架，詹纳是能够解决他面临的这个问题的。相比聚焦在那些已经生过天花的病人身上,他更仔细观察那些好象从来都不会得此病的人。这个改变在战术(法素学)上的就是一个“横向思维”的例子。这意思就是从侧面入手而非直面处理这个问题。在横向思维中,能够接受并考虑各种各样的想法是非常重要的,不管它看起来是如何的不可能。横向思维可以帮助各种各样的人,从戒烟者想放弃他们的习惯，到弓箭手需要放松以达到最好的发挥。这并不意味着解决问题时用纵向思维总是很有错误的。当你困扰一个直面问题的时候，事实上不同的思维方式有不同的优势,横向思维或许能帮你改变你的视角并看到你不曾注意到的其他亮点。

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