一. 宾语从句的种类
宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语
和非正式文体中可以省略。例如:
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如:
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?
3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如:
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
二. 宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如:
I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.
三. 宾语从句的时态
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。
I don’t think (that) you are right.
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时, 过去进行时, 过去将来时,过去完成时)
He asked what time it was.
3. 如果宾从陈述的是客观真理,时态常用一般现在时
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.
语法定义:在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
I.语序的使用
分为以下五种句型结构:
1)连接词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有: who,what,which等。如:
Excuse me,could you tell me which is the way to restrooms,please?劳驾能告诉我去洗手间的路是哪一条?
He doesn't know who lives over there .他不知道谁住那边
2)连接词+名词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有:whose,what,which,how many,how much等。如:
He asked whose bag this was .他问这是谁的书包。
I wonder how much water there is in the glass.我想知道杯里有多少水
3)连接词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有:who(m),what,which,how many,how much, when,why,how,where,if(一般用于口语) /whether(与同音词weather;“天气”的拼写区别,写在句中不充当任何成分)等。如:
He couldn’t decide if he would buy them.他不能决定是否将买他们。
Could you tell me how I should come up with the problem ?你能告诉我我该怎样解决这个问题?
4)连接词+名词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有:what,which,how many,how much,how等。如:
I don’t know how many books he has?我不知道他有多少本书?
He didn’t understand which book I was looking for.他不明白我在找哪一本书。
5) 连接词+动词不定式(to+V 动词原形)+... 连接词可以是关系代词和关系副词,what, whose. Which,how long,whom ,who …etc.
Eg:I wonder how to use the computer.我期盼怎样使用电脑
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