初中定语从句讲解

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

初中英语定语从句用法及配套练习
定语从句的概念
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
　　二、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
　　三、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
　　四、关系代词的用法
1. that
既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）
The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）
2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）
The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）
3.who， whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom， 也可省略。例如：
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）
Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to？
正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）
注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who， that， which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
　（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：
This is the person whom you are looking for.
这就是你要找的那个人。
（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远
（4）关系词只能用that的情况：
　　a.
先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如　Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？
c.先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：
Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？
f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.
桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
（5）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：
a.先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如：
　　What’s that which is under the desk？
在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？
b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：
This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
　c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如：
　　Tom came back， which made us happy.
汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
五、关系副词的用法
（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：
This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：
This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

单项填空。
1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father？
　-Yes， he’s our headmaster.
A. he B. who C. which D. whom
2. Is this the river _____I can swim？
A. which B. in which C. that D. the one
3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.
A. where B. which C. that D. it
4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day？
A. that you bought B. you bought it
C. that you bought it D. which you bought it
5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up your hands.
A. which agrees B. who agree　C. who agrees D. which agree
6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.
A. that B. it C. which who
7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate
A. who’s B. whose C. that of which.
8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.
A. which； is B. whom； was C. who； is D. who； was
9. I love places ______the people are really friendly.
　A. that B. which C. where D. who
10. The world ______ is made up of matter.
A. in that we live B. on which we live C. where we live in D. we live in
Ⅱ. 用适当的关系代词that， which， who， whom填空。
1. The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.
2. April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west.
3. The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.
4. The house _____we live in is very old.
5. Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now？
　　
1. A football fan(球迷) is _____ has a strong interest in football.
A. a thing that B. something that C. a person who D. what
3. Can you lend me the novel _____ the other day?
A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about
5. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _____ they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
7. All the apples _____ fell down were eaten by the pigs.
A. that B. those C. which D. what
8. They asked him to tell them everything _____ he saw at the front.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
10. A child _____ parents are dead is called an orphan.
A. who B. who’s C. whose D. which
11. Is this the museum _____ you visited the other day?
A. that B. where C. in which D. the one
13. -How do you like the book?
-It’s quite different from _____ I read last month.
A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what
15. The train _____ she was traveling was late.
A. which B. where C. on which D. in that
18. It’s the third time _____ late this month.
A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that you’ve arrived D.when you’ve arrived
19. He often helps the students _____ he thinks are not quick at their studies.
A. whom B. who C. when D. because
20. The Second World War _____ millions of people were killed ended in 1945.
A. when B. during that C. in which D. which
21. He was born in the year _____ the Anti-Japanese War broke out.
A. which B. when C. on which D. during which
24. We are going to spend the Spring festival in Guangzhou, _____ live my grandparents and some relatives. A. which B. that C. who D. where
25. The hotel _____ during our holidays stands by the seaside.
A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at C. we stayed D. in that we stayed
42. I will hire the man _____ they say is a good English speaker.
A. who B. that C. which D. whom

Answer 2

定语从句: 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子在复合句中充当定语，所以叫作定语从句。

先行词： 定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。

关系词： 引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）和关系副词(where,when,why,)。

复合句 ： The man who (that) came is Mike.

先行词 关系代词

Li Ming is the one that got full marks in our class.

先行词 关系代词

上句的黑体字为复合句中的主句，蓝体字为定语从句.

一 定语从句的关系代词 Which的用法: 若先行词指物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语.

This is the pen which was given by my friend.

先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语

This is the pen which my friend gave to me.

先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语

二 定语从句的关系代词 Who的用法: 若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语(如果前面带介词则必须用whom)

The man who is wearing a white suit is my brother.

先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语

The man who\whom he wanted to see last week is in Shanghai.

先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语

She is the girl with whom I went there.

先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于前.

三 定语从句的关系代词 Whom的用法: 若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语) ,与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom

This is the teacher whom\who we like best.

先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语

She is the girl whom\ who I went with there.

先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾.

I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.

先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于前.

四 定语从句的关系代词 that的用法: 若先行词指人或物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语

The animal that \which is lost is a panda.

先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语

She is the person that \who we are worried about.

先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语

注意1 that \which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用which ,不用that

(1) 关系代词前有介词时.

This is the hotel in which you will stay.

(2) 如有两个定语从句,其中一句的关系代词是that,另一句宜于用which.

Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the liberary which was newly open (新开放) to us.

注意2that \which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用that ,不用which.

(1) 先行词是形容词最高级或者它的前面有形容词最高级时

This is the best that has been used against air pollution(反对空气污染) in cities.

English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years.

(2) 先行词是序数词,或它的前面有一个序数词时

He is the last person that I want to see.

(3) 主句中已有疑问词时

Which is the bike that you lost?

(4) 先行词既有人又有物时

The bike and its rider that had run over (撞倒了)an old man were taken to the police station.

(5) 先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等代词时

You should hand in all that you have.

We haven’t got much that we can offer you.

I mean the one that you talked about just now.

(6) 先行词前面有only,any,few,little,no,all,one of,the same,the very等词修饰时

The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.

Li Ming is the only one that got full marks (满分)in our class.

Li Ming is one of the students that want to be teachers in our class.

(7) 有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另外一个宜用that

Edison built up a factory(办了一个工厂) which produced things that had never been seen before.

定语从句的关系副词 Where的用法:若先行词指地点且其在定语从句中充当地点状语.

This is the house+I was born in the house. (=I was born there)

介词短语 副词

=This is the house where I was born.这就是我在那儿出生的房子.

先行词 关系副词

in which I was born.

介词+关系代词

which I was born in.

关系代词

这里作介宾的which和that可以省略

that I was born in

关系代词.

练习：用which ，where填空

1 This is the factory where they want to visit。

2 My sister works in a bookshop in which we can read many kinds of books

3 Have you visited the city where the famous scientist was born?

4 Is this the museum which they visited last month?

5 He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.

6 The pencil with _which_______ he wrote was broken.

7 Is this the shop _which____ sells children’s clothing?

8 I still remember the sitting-room _where____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.

9 Don’t go in, this is the shop _which____ we have just been to。

10 Please show me the book _which____ you bought yesterday _____.

二 定语从句的关系副词 When的用法: 若先行词指时间且其在定语从句

中充当时间状语.

He came at a time +we needed help at a time.

介词短语

=He came at a time when we needed help

关系副词

at which we needed help

介词+关系代词

which we needed help at

关系代词 这里的作介宾的which 和that可以省略

that we needed help at

三 关系副词why的用法：在定语从句中只要先行词是the reason，它的关系副词就是why。

如：The reason why I’m calling you is to invite you to the party.

参考资料：http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/42727250.html

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Answer 3

初中考的较简单
地方WHERE
人WHO。/ THAT
物品WHICH / THAT