that、which在从句中作表语的区别 求解

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

先看几个例句啊。。
1.He is no longer the man that he was.他已经不是过去的他了。
（=He is no longer what he was.）【换成what引得表从名词性从句】
2. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.（that在定从中作表语）
(=She's no longer what she used to be before.)【换成what引得表从名词性从句】
3. He was proud, which his brother never was. （which在非限定定从中作表语）

（补充： that在定语从句中作表语时的省略。 ）

关系代词作be 的表语,且先行词是特指时,关系代词通常用that(不用who或which)或省略:

He doesn't seem to be the man (that) he was ten years ago. 他看起来已经不是十年前的样子了。
The modern aeroplane is not the machine (that) it was when first invented. 现代飞机已不是最先发明时的那种样子了。
1.【以上的that是等于the+名词的，与上文提到的事物同类不同一亲可以看得出来，用that的可用what从句转换，which的转不了，个人认为。】
2.在分割的就是非限制性定语从句中，不能用that，能用which。（which的一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，不用that）
3.先行词是指物的that和those时，用which不用that（避免重复）
4.关系代词后面有插入语时，益用关系代词 which
例如：She is a teacher,you know,which Mary never want to be. (插入语you know,其实就是分割了)
5.先行词是指物的all, little, few, much, none ，关系代词多用that。
6.先行词是something, anything, nothing, everything ,时，关系代词一般用that。
7.先行词被any, only, all, every, no, some, few, little, some, very所修饰时，关系代词多用that。
8.如果先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或者先行词是最高级时，多用that.但也有用which,特别是它做从句主语时.
9.如果先等词被the only ,the very , the same ,the last修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which.
10.先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。而不用who, which.
11,。关系代词作表语时，关系代词用that.
=====================================================
【分享一下二者在定语从句中作各种成分的差别，均有例句哦~】
●that & which:
在定语从句中，which 和that 在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样，这里介绍【宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情况.】
①先行词为不定代词,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等,
1.We should do all that is useful to the people .
2.There's nothing that can be said about it .
3.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?
②先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时。
1.The only thing that we could do was to wait.
2.That's the very word that is wrongly used.
The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works.
You can take any (=whichever) seat that is free.
I hope the little that I can will be of some help to them.
比较 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year.
*This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.
③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。
1.When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.
2.This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.
④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。
1.This is the best that can be done now.
2.The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.
⑤先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that. 如：
1.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known .
2.The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.
⑥被修饰词为数词时.
1.Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive .
⑦如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免语言的单调或重复。
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
⑧疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复。
1. Which is the book that you like best?
2. Who is the man that is standing at the gate?
⑨主句是There be 结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词. 如：
1. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.
⑩被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that .
1. That's a good book that will help you a lot.
2. My home village is no longer the place ( that ) it used to be .（感觉这条就把定从里面which封死了。）

【定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情况:】
①当关系代词的前面有介词时.
1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.
2.Is this the room in which Mr. White lives?
②在非限制性定语从句中.
1.Crusoe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .
2.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. (which指代主句)
③在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which .
1. Let me show you the novel，that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.
2. At the station I bought some magazines that might help me to pass the time on the train and which I could pass on to others when I finished them.
④当关系代词后面带有插入语时.
1. Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.
⑤先行词本身是that, 宜用which .
What's that which she is looking at?
⑥先行词是those+复数名词.
A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.
=================================
感觉区别还是从上面的情况中找吧，然后再看做不做表语啊~
=================================
下面看一下【宾语从句】
【that】。关系代词that在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语。作宾语时，that可省略。它的先行词可以是指物的名词或代词，也可以是指人的名词或代词。例如：
【which】。关系代词 which在从句中作主语或宾语，其先行词是指物的名词或代词。
即为宾从中只用that引作表语成分的。不用which
=================================
【同位语从句】，没见过which的啊~
==================================
希望帮到你！