什么是定语从句

如题所述

张老师带你了解什么是定语从句。

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第1个回答  2012-07-27
初中定语从句详解
定语从句是一种形容词的关系从句。它由关系代词或关系副词引导。初中英语中的定语从句仅限于限制性定于从句。
一、概念。
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。英语中的定语从句始终要放在被修饰的词之后,而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前。如:
The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher.
先行词 关系词 定语从句
昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。
二、关系词:关系代词在句中可作主语、宾语或定语;关系副词在句中作状语。初中英语中的定语从句关系代词或关系副词的具体用法。
(一)关系代词
1. who指人(也可用that),在定语从句中作主语,也可作宾语。如:
Yesterday I helped an old man who / that lost his way. (主语)
昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
Mr Wang is the man (who / that / whom )you met in the zoo this morning.(宾语)
王先生就是今天早上你在动物里遇到的那个人。
注意:关系代词who指人,作宾语时,可用whom代替;作宾语时,关系代词可省略。作其它成分,关系代词则不能省略。
2. whose指人,也可指物。在定语从句中作定语。
The boy whose mother is ill is staying at home to look after her today.
其母亲生病的那个男孩今天呆在家里照顾她。
I have a story book whose cover is red.
我有一本封面是红色的故事书。
3. which指物(也可用that),在定语从句中作主语,也可作宾语。如:
Football is a game which / that is liked by most boys. (主语)
足球是被大多数男孩喜欢的运动。
I don’t believe the news which / that Tom won the game. (宾语)
我不相信汤姆赢得这场比赛的消息。
注:关系代词whom, which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放在先行词与定语从句之间。如:
That is the place in which I lived for five years.
=That is the place which / that I lived in for five years.
那就是我住过五年的地方。
Mr Zhang is the man for whom I am looking.
=Mr Zhang is the man who / whom / that I am looking for.
张先生就是我正在找的那个人。
(二)关系副词。
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
(三)具体使用关系代词或关系副词需要注意的问题。
1. 先行词是地点时,如果该先行词做了定语从句的主语或宾语时,关系代词用that或which. 如:
The school that / which I used to study in is becoming better and better.
(the school 作了介词in的宾语。)
我过去曾经学习的那所学校变得越来越好了。
先行词是地点时,如果该先行词不作定语从句的主语或宾语时,关系代词用where. 如:
The place where the accident happened isn’t far from our school.
事故发生的那个地方离我们学校不远。
(定语从句中的动词happened是不及物动词,它不跟宾语,而the accident又作了定语从句的主语,因此该定语从句既不需要主语,也不需要宾语。)
2.只用that,不用which的情况。
(1)前有序数词修饰时。如:
This is the tenth gift that I received for my birthday.
这是我收到的第十个生日礼物。
(2)前有形容词最高级修饰时。如:
That is the most exciting game that I have ever watched.
那是我曾经看过最令人兴奋的比赛。
(3)先行词是all, little, few, something, anything, everything等不定代词时。如:
All that he told me is true. 他告诉我的一切是真实的。
(4)先行词被the only修饰时。如:
The only thing that I can get is a pen. 我唯一能得到的东西就是一支钢笔。
(5)先行词既指人,又指物时。如:
We talked about the people and the things that we were interested in.
我们谈论了我们感兴趣的人和事。
3. 只用which,不用that的情况。
(1)定语从句是物时,定语从句由“介词+关系代词which”引导。如:
The thing about which the teacher is talking is very important.
老师正在谈论的那件事非常重要。
(2)先行词本身是that, those时,如:
What’s that which is flying in the sky? 在天空中飞的那是什么?
总之,我们作为初中英语教师要把初中英语中的定语从句讲解清楚,帮助学生理解课文和阅读理解中的定语从句,帮助学生用定语从句进行正确的书面表达,为以后更进一步的学习定语从句打下坚实的基础。

英语基础语法—并列句
由并列连词将两个或两个以上平等关系的简单句连接在一起构成的句子叫并列句。其结构是:简单句+并列连词+简单句。一、联合关系
常用的连词有and(同,和), when(=and just at this time就在这时,然后), not only…but (also)…(不仅……而且……), neither…nor…(既不……也不……)等。如:
He helps me and I help him.他帮我,我帮他。
He not only gave us a lot of advice, but also helped us to study English. 他不仅给我们出很多建议并且还帮助我学英语。
I was just leaving when the telephone rang. 我正要离开,电话铃响了。
注:when作这种用法时,表示“当某人或某物正在或正要做某事,就在这时突然又发生了另一事”。
二、选择关系 常用的连词有or(或者,否则), otherwise(否则), or else(否则), either...or(不是……就是)。如:
Hurry up, or (else) you’ll be late. 快点,否则就会迟到了。
Will he still be there or will he have gone away? 你那时还在那里还是可能已经走了?
You must go early, otherwise you will miss the bus. 你好得早点走,否则就赶不上公共汽车了。
Either Tom is coming or his sisters are. 不是汤姆就是她的姐妹们要来。
三、转折关系 常用的连词有but(但是,可是,只是因为), while(而、却), yet(可是)等。如:
It never rains but it pours. 祸不单行。
I like tea while she likes coffee. 我喜欢喝茶而她喜欢喝咖啡。
She said she would be late, yet she arrived on time. 她说她会迟到,但她却准时到达了。
She looks very young, but she is already in her 30’s. 她看上去很年轻,可是她已三十多岁了。
此处,还有副still(仍然),however(然而)也表示转折关系。
The book is expensive; however, it's worth it. 这本书很贵;却很值。
注意:but, while不与although连用,但yet, still可与although连用。
Although she felt ill, she still went to work. 她虽然感觉不舒服,但她仍然去上班。
四、因果关系 常用的连词有for(因为)和so(所以,因此)等。如:
I am thirsty, for it is hot. 我口渴,因为天气太热。
The manager was ill so I went in her place. 经理病了所以我代她去。注意:so不与because连用
第2个回答  2012-07-27
定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。  
关系副词有:when, where, why
例如:
He is the man whom I saw yesterday.
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

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第3个回答  2012-07-27
定语从句是指,在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
可能你有些听不懂,我给你几句例句:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.
简单地说,定语从句在名词(如apple)或代词(如that)后面,来修饰它的。
希望帮到你
第4个回答  2012-07-27
定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。

具体解释楼主可进入下面的链接查看百度百科的详细讲解。
http://baike.baidu.com/view/56536.htm