英语中什么时候遵循就近原则和就远原则?

如题所述

一、就近原则
1、在?here;there?等引导的倒装句中,?当主语不止一个,此时谓语动词与最靠近它的主语在数上一致。
例:
Here?comes?the?bus.?巴士过来了。
There?is?a?pencil?and?several?photos?on?the?desk.?桌上有一支铅笔和几张图片。
2、连词?or;either...?or...;neither…nor...;not?only…but?also?等连接的并列主语,谓语动词只与靠近它的主语在数上一致。
例:
Either?you?or?he?knows?something?about?the?task.?要么你,要么他知道此任务的相关情况。
Neither?I?nor?he?plays?cards.我和他都没打牌.

二、就远原则?
当主语后面接上?as?well?as;accompanied?by;including;in?addition?to;more?than;together?with?等引导的词组时,这些词组其实根本不影响最前面主语本身的单复数形式。
例:
She,as?well?as?the?other?students?in?the?classroom,?is?jumping?with?joy.她和教室里其他学生一样开心地跳起来。
Michael?Jordan,together?with?his?teammates,?has?set?a?record?in?NBA.?迈克尔乔丹和他的队友们,已经一起创造了NBA的一个记录。

三、疑问疑问句或者特殊疑问句中,依然坚持这个原则不变
either...or...连接两个主语时,其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就是我们通常说的"就近原则"。
Either?you?or?I?am?going?there?tomorrow.?明天要么你去那里,要么我去那里。
注意:如果把上句变成一般疑问句,助动词形式与主语you保持一致,所以要用are提问,而不是am。例如:
Are?either?you?or?I?going?there?tomorrow??明天是你还是我去那里?

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第1个回答  推荐于2018-12-05
  一、就近原则
  由or, either„or, neither„or, not„ but„, not only„but also等连接的并列成分作主语时,其谓语通常要与靠近的主语保持一致。如:
  He or I am in the wrong, 他或是我错了。
  Neither you nor he is tired. 你和他都没累。
  Not you but I am to blame. 不该怪你而该怪我。
  Either my father or my brothers are coming. 不是我父亲就是我兄弟要来。
  Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film. 不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片,他们的老师也在欣赏这部影片。
  但在非正式文体中,有时也一律用复数谓语(注:在考试时最好避免使用)。如:
  Neither Ted nor Mark are wrong. 特德和马克都没有错。
  If either David or Janet come, they will want a drink. 大卫或珍妮特来了的话,是会要喝酒的。
  二、就远原则
  当用作主语的成分后面跟有由but, except, besides, including, like, with, as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, in addition to, combined with, rather than, together with等引出的短语时,谓语动词习惯上要与这些结构前面的主语保持一致(即与比较远的那个主语保持一致,简称“就远原则”)。如:
  Everybody except you is down on me. 除了你,大家都看不起我。
  A woman with two children has come. 一位妇女带着两个孩子已经来了。
  John, rather than his roommates, is to blame. 约翰,而不是他的室友,应该受到责备。
  Jim, together with his classmates, has seen the film. 吉姆和他的同学都看过这部电影。
  My father, no less than I, is a base-ball fan. 我的父亲不亚于我也是个棒球迷。本回答被网友采纳
第2个回答  2015-04-20
就近原则:1.There be 句型 There is a book and some pencils on the desk.
=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.
2.neither...nor...Neither you nor he is right.= Neither he nor you are right.
3.either...or...Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.
= Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday.
4.not only...but also...Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.
= Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.
【主谓一致现象 】
有一类连接词,其后的谓语动词要与连接词前一部分的主语保持一致.此类连接词有with,along with,together with,as well as,besides,like,without,except (but),including等.例如:
Tracy,like many girls,loves dancing.特蕾西像很多女孩一样,喜欢跳舞.
All the students,including Tom,are leaving.所有的学生,包括汤姆都走了.
No one except (but) me knows about this news.除了我没有人知道
就远原则
代表词汇:as well as;(together/along)with;rather than;except;besides;but;including;in addition to;apart from
  E.G:He rather than I is right.
  Nobody but two students is in the classroom.
  就远原则
  ①What he does or what he says does not concern me .他的行为或言谈都与我无关.
  ②Neither you nor I am wrong .你和我都没错.
  ③Not you but your father is to blame .不是你,而是你父亲该受责备.
  ④Not only you hut(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了,他也错了.本回答被提问者采纳
第3个回答  2015-04-20
there be就近
except就远
第4个回答  2021-03-13
就近原则就是离动词最近的一个词采用那个词。
就远原则就是离动词最远的一个词,采用那个词。
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