求翻译，急急急，谢谢

Question

Marketing also involves the finance activities such as credit and collection that are associated with ticket sales. Marketing is customer oriented. Creating products and services that fulfill the needs of existing customers and attract new customers is the primary goal. Determining who the customers are or could be and what their needs are part of the process. Marketing must also assist in achieving the company’s objectives: an acceptable return on investment, a reasonably level of profits, and an adequate market share.Why is marketing so important? Without marketing and sales, there would be no airlines. Marketing is the stimulus that encourages innovation, research, and investment. A carrier can have the latest equipment and the most efficient human and capital resources available, but unless somebody is there to sell the output produced, it is all for naught.The carriers’ marketing history before World War II was considerably different from what goes on to day. In theearly years, emphasis was placed on the carriage of mail, not passengers. There was more profit in carrying mail, and besides, the mail didn’t complain if it arrived late or was too hot or too cold. Furthermore, people still had a love affair with railroads capacity. This era was the production-oriented period in airline marketing history-a time when services were so scarce that customers accepted whatever was available.These four elements are the controllable marketing factors that should be used to reach the target market. Thus, any discussion of the business activities that direct the flow of services to customers must stress the four Ps. Because all four elements are present to some degree in any marketing situation, the airline marketer’s task is not to decide whether to use a particular element, but rather to determine the relative emphasis to place on each element in the final marketing program.It must be recognized that the marketer must contend with certain uncontrollable variables. Unfortunately, the marketing team does not work in a vacuum. Its actions and strategies will be affected by some or all of the following variables：1. Cultural and social differences. These are the traditions and values of various ethnic groups that represent potential customers. Such traits as eating habits can vary considerably in different parts of our own country, to say nothing of different countries.
2. Political and regulatory environment. Political climates are constantly changing. New levels of taxation and government spending can affect marketing strategies set by the carriers. Regulatory requirements, such as allocations of landing quotas at certain airport because of extreme peaking in the number of flights, can undermine the best of marketing plans.

Answer 1

市场还包括财务活动,如信用和收集相关的门票销售。市场营销是以客户为导向。创造产品和服务,满足现有客户的需求也能吸引新客户的主要目标。确定谁是客户或可能的你和他们有什么需求,这个过程的一部分。营销也必须协助实现公司的目标:一个可以接受的投资回报率,合理的利润水平,并适当的市场份额。为什么营销是如此重要?没有市场及销售,就不会有航空公司。市场营销是刺激,鼓励创新、研究和投资。承运人可以有最新的设备和最有效的人力资源和资本的可用资源,但除非有人有卖输出产生,它都是多余的。运营商的市场历史第二次世界大战前,远远不同于所发生的一天了。在theearly年,着重于马车邮件,不运载旅客。有更丰厚的利润在满载邮件,而且,邮件没有抱怨如果迟到或太热或太冷。此外,人们仍然有一个爱情与铁路能力。这个时代是生产型时期时在航空市场末端——服务客户接受稀缺,都是可用的。这四个要素是可控营销因素,应该被用来达到目标市场。因此,任何讨论直接的业务活动的流动必须强调为客户服务的四个Ps。因为四种元素存在某种程度上任何营销现状、航空市场的任务不是决定是否要使用一个单独的元素,而是要确定相对重点放在每个元素在最后的营销计划。我们必须承认,卖方必须满足一定的不可控制的变量。不幸的是,营销队伍不工作在一个真空。它的行动和策略会受到一些或所有以下变量:1。文化、社会的差异。这些都是传统和价值观各少数民族代表的潜在客户。等特质的饮食习惯能够相差很大的不同地方的我们自己的国家,更不用说不同的国家。

2。政治和法律环境。政治气候下都在不断发生变化。新水平的税收和政府的开支会影响行销策略所定的载体。监管要求,如登陆配额分配在特定的机场,因为极端高峰航班的数量,会破坏的最好的营销计划。

Answer 2

1.营销还包括财务活动如信用和收集相关票务销售。市场营销是以客户为导向。创造的产品和服务，满足现有客户的需求和吸引新客户的主要目标是。确定谁是客户或可能是，他们需要的是过程的一部分。营销也必须协助实现公司的目标：一个可接受的投资回报，一个合理的利润水平，和足够的市场份额。为什么营销如此重要？没有销售，就没有航空公司。营销刺激，鼓励创新，研究，和投资。承运人可以拥有最新的设备和最有效的人力和资本资源，但是除非有人是卖输出产生的，它是所有化为乌有。运营商的营销历史二战前大大不同于上一天。在早期年，重点放在邮件的运输，而不是乘客。有了更多的利润在运送邮件，此外，邮件不抱怨它迟到或是太热或太冷。此外，人们还吃了一个爱情与铁路能力。这个时代是生产型时期历史的时候，航空公司营销服务是如此稀少，接受客户的任何可用的。这四个要素是可控的营销因素，应该用来达到目标市场。因此，任何讨论的商业活动，直接流通服务的客户必须强调四聚苯乙烯。因为所有的四个因素都存在一定程度的任何销售情况，航空公司营销的任务不是决定是否使用一个特定的元素，而是相对确定的重点放在每个元素最后的营销计划。必须承认，营销者必须与一定的不可控变量。不幸的是，营销团队并不是在真空中工作。其行动和战略将受到一些或所有以下变量：1。文化和社会差异。这些是传统和价值观的不同种族群体代表潜在客户。这种特质的饮食习惯可能有很大的不同在不同地区的国家，更不用说不同国家。
2.政治和法律环境。政治环境是不断变化的。新的税收和政府开支可以影响营销策略的载体。监管要求，如分配的配额在某些机场着陆因为极端高峰的航班数量，可以破坏最好的营销计划。