一、作时间状语，多置于句首，也可置于句末。如例句1：
1、Arriving at the classroom, the children began to do cleaning.
二、作原因状语，多置于句首或句末，也可置于句中。如例句2：
2、She doesn’t feel like eating anything, being ill for a few days.
三、作条件状语，多置于句首。如例句3：
3. Working hard, you will succeed sooner or later.
四、作让步状语，多置于句首。如例句4：
4. Weighing almost one hundred kilos, the stone was moved by him alone.
五、作结果状语，多置于句末。如例句5：
5. The song is sung all over the country, making it very popular.
六、作方式或伴随状语，多置于句末，也可置于句首。如例句6：
6. Travelling by car, we visited many exciting and beautiful places.
七、作方式或伴随状语，多置于句末，也可置于句首。如例句7：
7、He sat by the roadside, begging.
动词加ing的规则：
1、普通动词词尾直接加-ing; 例如：sing-singing, play-playing, talk-talking; draw-drawing, stand-standing, speak-speaking …
2、以不发音的字母-e结尾的动词,去掉-e,再加-ing;例如： have-having, make-making, arriving.
3、动词以“辅音+元音+辅音”结尾的重读音节，双写尾字母,再加-ing。例如： running