一、形容词 用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词,叫形容词。 形容词的作用,见下表:作 用例 句定 语You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden.表 语Your coat is too small.宾语补足语The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy. 注意:有些形容词只能作表语,如:alone, afraid, asleep 等。例如: Don't wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep. The old man is alone. 形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词,要放在这些词的后面。例如: You'd better tell us something interesting. The police found nothing strange in the room. 多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是:1)冠词或人称代词 2)数词 3)性质 4)大小 5)形状 6)表示老少,新旧 7)颜色 8)事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。例如: His grandpa still lives in this small short house. 他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。 The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates. 那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。 形容词名词化:有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词,表示一类人,谓语常用复数。这类词有:rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)。例如: The young should take good care of the old. 年轻人应该好好照顾老人。 The rich never help the poor in this country. 在这个国家,富人从来不帮助穷人。 表示数量的词组。如: One day, a young man, twenty-five years old, came to visit the professor. 有一天,一位25岁的年轻人来拜访这位教授。 I live in a building about fifty meters high. 我住在一做大约50米高的大楼里。 形容词短语做定语时要后置。如: They are the students easy to teach. 他们是很容易较的学生。 We live in a house much larger than yours. 我们住的房子比你们的大得多。 else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。如: Did you see anybody else? 你看到别的人了吗? 二、副词 英语中副词的位置和汉语不尽相同,它的位置比较灵活。通常用作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等。下面来介绍一下副词的分类方法: 多数副词都可以放在它所修饰的动词后面。如: We are living happily. 我们幸福的生活着。 He runs slowly. 他跑的很慢。 时间副词、地点副词和方式副词一般放在句末。如: They went to the park yesterday morning. 昨天上午他们去公园了。 I heard him sing English songs over there. 我听见他在那边唱英语歌曲。 He drove the jeep carefully. 他小心地开着吉普。 注意: 有时表示时间的副词也可放在句首,起强调作用。如: Yesterday I got up late. 昨天我起床很晚。 频度副词一般放在be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后,实义动词之前 如:He is seldom ill. 他很少生病。 You must always remember this. 你一定要记住这一点。 I often write to my parents. 我经常写信给父母。 Do you usually go to school on foot. 你经常走路去上学? He has never been to Beijing. 他从来没有去过北京。 注意: 有时为了加强语气,频度副词也可放在句首。如: Sometimes she goes to school by bus and sometimes she goes to school by bike. 有时她乘公共汽车上学,有时骑自行车去。 程度副词修饰动词时,与频度副词相同,修饰形容词和副词时,放在它所修 饰的词前面。如: That's quite early. 那很早。 I nearly missed the bus. 我几乎错过了公交车。 She did rather badly. 她干得相当糟。 否定副词一般放在动词之前、系动词be或助动词之后。如: She seldom goes out at night. 她晚上很少出门。 I am never late for school. 我上学从不迟到。 We had hardly got to the station when the train left. 火车离开时,我们差不多/几乎到了车站。 疑问副词放在特殊疑问句的句首。如: When can you come? 你什么时候来? How many days are there in a month? 一个月有多少天? What are you going to do when you grow up? 张大以后,你打算干什么? Where were you born? 你是在那里出生的? Why didn't he come? 他为什么没有来? 关系副词when, where, why 引导定语从句时,位于从句之前、所修饰的词之后。如: Tell me the reason why you did it. 把你这样做的理由告诉我。 It's the sort of day when you'd like to stay in bed. 这是个令人恋床不起的日子。 I don't know the place where we will go. 我不知道我们将要去的地方。 同时存在时间状语和地点状语时,时间状语一般放在后面。如: The meeting will be held in the classroom tomorrow. 明天会议将在教室里举行。 He watched TV in his room last night. 他作晚在房间里看电视。 They arrived in Beijing at 8 o'clock last evening. 他们昨天晚上8:00到达北京。 注:有些词既可用做形容词也可副词。如: late, wide, well, fast, easy, early 等 The road is so wide that 8 buses can go throw it at a time. Open your mouth wide. 三、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化方法如下: 1) 符合规则的:情 况加 法例 词一 般 情 况直接加 -er ; -esttall-taller-tallest以e结尾的词加 –r ; -stnice-nicer-nicest以“辅音+y”结尾的词变y为i再加-er ; -estdry-drier-driestheavy-heavier-heaviest以一个辅音字母结尾的词辅音字母双写,再加-er ; -estthin-thinner-thinnest多音节和部分双音节单词在词前加 more ; mostmore deliciousmost delicious2)几个不规则的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级如下表:原 级比较级最高级good , wellbetterbestbad , illworseworstmany , muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther / furtherfarthest / furthest形容词和副词比较级的用法级别比较程度表达方式和意义例 句备 注原 级同等程度肯定形式As+原级+as(像……一样)Art is as interesting as music.Play as well as you can. 否定形式not + so (as) +原级+as(不如……那样)English is not so difficult as science.She does not study so well as I do. 比较级不同程度(用于两者比较)比较级+than(比……)Jim is older than Luky.I like pork better than beef.比较级前面可以加much, far, even, still,a lot, a little, a bit等程度加深比较级+and+比较级(越来越……)The + 比较级,the + 比较级(越……, 越……)He is growing taller and taller.He studies better and better.The more books she reads, the better she understand. 最高级最高程度(用于三者或三者以上)The +最高级+of (in)(最……)Spring is the best season of the year.Lin Tao jumped (the) farthest of all.副词最高级前面的the 往往省略 注意:有些形容词,如 dead, empty, round, sure, woolen 等受本身含义的限制,没有比较级。 例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松! He is ________ friends than I. A. much more B. many more C. very more D. too more 解析: 后面有可数名词复数时, many的比较级形式为many more 修饰。 应选B. 2. Which is the _________ country, Japan or Australia? A. more developed B. more developing C. most developed D. most developing 解析: 两者比较用比较级, 表示"发达"用 developed, 而developing 是 "发展中的" 意思 3. There were _______ shops in the city in 1982 than in 1990. A. little B. few C. fewer D. less 解析:little 不能修饰可数名词,两者比较需用比较级, 所以应选C. 4. If you are not free today, come another day __________. A. too B. so C. instead D. yet 解析:instead 作副词用时意为"代替,顶替", 表示前面的事情没做, 而是做了后面的事。Instead一般位于句首。应选C. 5.He can't tell us ________, I think. A. important anything B. anything important C. important something D. something important. 解析:不定代词与形容词联用需后置,否定句中应该用anything而不是something. 因此应选B 6. The Huang River is the second __________ river in our country. A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest 解析:"定冠词the+ 序数词 + 形容词最高级 " 表示"第几大……" 应选C. 7. The light in the office wasn't ________for him to read. A. enough bright B. bright enough C. brightly D. enough brightly 解析:enough修饰名词时可前可后, 修饰形容词或副词时, 要后置。应选B. 8. There was an accident at the corner. ________, the girl wasn't _________hurt. A. luckily, badly B. luck, hardly C. Lucky, heavily D. Lucky, strongly 解析:第一空修饰全句需用副词,第二空修饰形容词hurt也要用副词, 因此选A. 9. You must keep your eyes _________ when you do eye exercises. A. close B. open C. closed D., opened 解析: 此处需用形容词做宾语补足语。 应选C. 10. Five days has passed , but I haven't finished half of the work. ________, A. already B. still C. too D. yet 解析:already 与 yet 都可用于现在完成时态。Already常用于肯定句, 而yet 常用与否定句。应选D.
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