请教在英语中to,of,at,in,on的用法。

如题所述

in 1 [�0�1n]
prep.
1. 在…内;在…中;在…里面
There is a pencil in the box.
匣子里有一枝铅笔。
He was standing in the room.
他站在房间里。
2. 在(某区域)…内;在…里
in school
在学校
He lives in London.
他住在伦敦。
3. 在…之中
The volcano is in eruption.
火山正在喷发。
The roses are in flower now.
现在玫瑰正盛开。
4. 从事(工作);在…方面
to engage in trade
从事贸易
to be weak in English
在英语方面不佳
5. 穿着;戴着
dressed in rags
衣衫褴褛
the man in the top hat
戴着大礼帽的那人
in uniform
穿着制服
a prisoner in irons
戴着镣铐的囚犯
6. 往;向(某方向)
in this direction
朝此方向
in all directions
四面八方
7. 用
to write in ink
用墨水写
to speak in English
用英语讲话
8. 在…期间
in the 20th century
在20世纪
in summer
在夏天
in my absence
在我不在的时间
in his youth
在他年轻时
in the morning
早晨
9. 在…时间内;不到…的时间;在…之后
It's two o'clock. I'll come in an hour.
"现在是两点钟,我一小时后来。"
I'll come and see you again in five days.
过五天我再来看你。
10. (表示事情进行或发生的方式) in fun 玩笑地
11. (表示关系或比率)每
Not one in ten of the boys could spell well.
这些男孩中拼写正确的不到十分之一。
12. (表示数或量) in great numbers 许多
13. 在…方面;关于
weak in judgment
判断力差
"The new generator is large in capacity, small in size and low in coal consumption."
这台新发电机发电量大、体积小、耗煤量低。
The two international companies are working in collaboration with each other in the development of new software.
两家跨国公司在开发新软件方面相互合作。
14. 处于…状态
in a rage
在愤怒中
in a hurry
匆忙地
in love
恋爱中
15. 作为
习惯用语:
in all
总计;一共
in that
因为
adv.
1. 在内
2. 在家
Is there anyone in?
有人在家吗?
My husband won't be in until six o'clock.
我丈夫要到六点钟才在家。
3. 向中心点集中
4. 时髦;流行
adj.
1. 在内的,内部的,生活在里面的
2. 流行的,时髦的
3. 小圈子的,小集团的
n. the ins and outs (of sth.) 详情;细节 in 2
abbr. 英寸 (inch, inches)
In
symb. 〈化〉铟(indium)

on [�0�0n]
prep. (= upon)(= upon)(= upon)(= upon)(= upon)
1. 在…上
sth. on the table
在桌上的东西
a ring on her finger
她手上的戒指
He stood on the clifftop looking out to the sea.
他站在悬崖顶上眺望大海。
The naughty boy sat on the edge of the fence dangling his legs.
"淘气的小男孩坐在栏杆边上,两腿悬空。"
2. (悬挂、固定)在…上
There is a list of our lessons on the wall.
墙上有我们的课程表。
3. 朝,向
on my right
在我右边
to make an attack on the enemy
向敌人进攻
I'll meet you on / at the corner of Smith Street and Main Road.
我将在史密斯大街和湎洇路的十字路口与你会面。
4. 关于
a lesson on history
历史课
a book on breeding rabbits
一本有关养兔的书
5. 当…时候,在…时
on Monday
在星期一
on October 1st
在10月1 日
6. 在…后立即
Some magazines pay on acceptance, others on publication.
一些杂志采用稿件后即付稿酬,另外一些则要到发表后才付。
on thinking the matter over
仔细考虑这件事之后
On whose authority are you putting these posters here?
你们得到谁的许可在这儿贴广告?
The glass hit the corner of the table and broke on impact.
"玻璃杯碰到桌子角上,撞了个粉碎。"
7. 以…方式;靠
to travel on the ship
乘轮船旅行
They live on potatoes.
他们靠吃马铃薯生活。
8. 在…情况下;处于…状态
on purpose
故意地
These officers are on leave.
这些军官在休假。
He went to Hong Kong on business.
他到香港出差去了。
The chief physician of the hospital is on circuit for most of the year.
这个医院的主任医师一年中大部分时间都在作巡回医疗。
adv.
1. 继续着
He worked on right through lunchtime.
午餐时间他还在工作。
The whole group worked on and on all night.
全组人员连续不断地干了个通宵。
2. 更远地;再向前地
Time is getting on.
时间渐晚。
Shall we go on?
我们继续向前吗?
3. 开;处于工作状态中
Switch the radio on.
打开收音机。
Put the alarm clock on for 7 o'clock.
把闹钟拨到七点。
4. 固定上
to sew the button on
钉钮扣
5. (时钟)拨前地
习惯用语:
not on
不可能
You can't refuse now — it's just not on!
你现在不能拒绝,这是不可能的!
adj.
1. 开着的
Is the gas on?
煤气开着吗?
The radio's on but it isn't working.
收音机开着,但不响了。
Is the water / electricity on yet?
自来水/电通了吗?
2. 发生着的;正在进行中的
A new film is now on.
现在正在上映一部新的电影。
Is the match still on?
比赛还在进行吗?
What's on television tonight?
今晚电视还有什么节目?
What's she on about now?
她又在唠叨些什么了?

to [t�0�3, tu�0�9]
prep.
1. (表示方向)经,向
He pointed to the clock.
他指着那个钟。
2. (表示目标)到…去
Give the book to him.
把这本书给他。
The mayor intended to get to the bottom of the matter.
市长打算将此事寻根究底。
3. (表示程度)达到
This will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent.
这将会在一定程度上减轻对火车的压力。
The bus service has been cut to the bone.
公共汽车服务已经削减到了最低限度。
4. (表示状态)趋于,倾向
She sang the baby to sleep.
她给孩子唱歌唱到孩子睡着。
5. (表示结果)导致
They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open.
他们担心在剖开时木乃伊会变成碎片。
Bring the soup to the boil.
请把汤煮沸。
Wait until the lights change to green.
等到绿灯亮了再走。
6. 贴着
cheek to cheek
脸贴脸
7. 对着
face to face
面对面
He wouldn't dare say rude things about her to her face.
他不敢当面对她出言不逊。
8. 从…到
count from 10 to 20
从10数到20
She works from two o'clock to ten o'clock.
她从两点钟工作到10点。
9. 给予
I want a present to give to my wife.
我要送我妻子一件礼物。
10. (表示拥有关系)归于,属于
the key to the lock
这把锁的钥匙
11. 与…相比,比
The score was 9 to 5.
得分是九比五。
12. (表示数量与单位的关系)
There are 100 pence to every pound.
1英镑有100便士。
13. 对…表示敬意
drink to sb.'s health
为某人的健康干杯
14. (指时间)在…之前;直到…为止
5 to 4
差五分四点
To date we have received more than five hundred applications.
到此时为止,我们已经收到了五百多份申请书。
The committe have never heard the whole story to this day.
至今委员会还从未听到整个事情的始末。
15. (表示相对的位置)在
to the north of England
在英格兰的北方
The village lies to the east of the woods.
村庄位于树林的东面。
16. 对于;关于
What's your answer to that?
你对那件事的答案是什么?
(a number) to (a number)
(一个数目)到(一个数目);(数目)和(数目)之间;比较;比例
in 10 to 12 feet of water
水深10到12英尺
It's 100 to 1 he'll lose.
他百分之百会输。
adv.
1. 醒过来
He didn't come to for half an hour after he'd hit his head.
他撞伤头后过了半小时才醒过来。
2. 关上,关闭
The wind blew the door to.
风把门给吹关上了。

of [�0�0v, �0�5v; (US) �0�0�0�9f]
prep.
1. …的;属于…的
the wall of the garden
花园的围墙
He is of a clinging sort.
他是那种老要依靠人家的人。
2. 由…制成的;由…组成 的
a dress of cotton
棉布衣服
3. 包含的;容纳的
a bag of potatoes
一袋土豆
a kilo of butter
一公斤黄油
4. 在其中;…之中的一部分
several of my friends
我的几个朋友
one of them
他们中间的一个
5. …所着的;…所做的
the shooting of the hunters
猎人的狩猎
the plays of Shakespeare
莎士比亚的戏剧
6. 那是…;…的
a friend of mine
我的一位朋友
7. (表示动宾关系)做…
the shooting of animals
对动物的射击
8. 与…有关联的
the results of the experiment
实验的结果
9. 就是这个
the city of New York
纽约市
10. 以…为题的;有关…的
stories of adventure
冒险故事
11. 具有…性质的
a woman of great charm
妩媚的女人
12. 与…的关系
east of Suez
苏伊士以东
13. (和某些短语搭配)由于,因为
a lover of good music
爱好音乐的人
He died of fever.
他死于高烧。
温馨提示:答案为网友推荐,仅供参考
第1个回答  2013-08-11
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一。同一个汉语词汇在英语中可译成不同的英语介词。例如汉语中的“用”可译成:(1)用英语(in English);(2)用小刀(with a knife);(3)用手工(by hand);(4)用墨水(in ink)等。所以,千万不要以为记住介词的一两种意思就掌握了这个介词的用法,其实介词的用法非常广泛,搭配能力很强,越是常用的介词,其含义越多。下面就简单介绍几组近义介词的用法及其搭配方法。
一. in, to, on和off在方位名词前的区别
1. in表示A地在B地范围之内。如:
Taiwan is in the southeast of China.
2. to表示A地在B地范围之外,即二者之间有距离间隔。如:
Japan lies to the east of China.
3. on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻。如:
North Korea is on the east of China.
4. off表示“离……一些距离或离……不远的海上”。如:
They arrived at a house off the main road.
New Zealand lies off the eastern coast of Australia.

二. at, in, on, by和through在表示时间上的区别
1. at指时间表示:
(1)时间的一点、时刻等。如:
They came home at sunrise (at noon, at midnight, at ten o’clock, at daybreak, at dawn).
(2)较短暂的一段时间。可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子。如:
He went home at Christmas (at New Year, at the Spring Festival, at night).
2. in指时间表示:
(1)在某个较长的时间(如世纪、朝代、年、月、季节以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等)内。如:
in 2004, in March, in spring, in the morning, in the evening, etc
(2)在一段时间之后。一般情况下,用于将来时,谓语动词为瞬间动词,意为“在……以后”。如:
He will arrive in two hours.
谓语动词为延续性动词时,in意为“在……以内”。如:
These products will be produced in a month.
注意:after用于将来时间也指一段时间之后,但其后的时间是“一点”,而不是“一段”。如:
He will arrive after two o’clock.
3. on指时间表示:
(1)具体的时日和一个特定的时间,如某日、某节日、星期几等。如:
On Christmas Day(On May 4th), there will be a celebration.
(2)在某个特定的早晨、下午或晚上。如:
He arrived at 10 o’clock on the night of the 5th.
(3)准时,按时。如:
If the train should be on time, I should reach home before dark.
4. by指时间表示:
(1)不迟于,在(某时)前。如:
He will come by six o’clock.
Jack had made some friends by the time you came.
(2)在……间,在……的时候。如:
He worked by day and slept by night.
5. through指时间意为“从……开始到结束”,此时与throughout相同。如:
We work hard all through the year.

三. near, by, beside, at表示“在……附近”时的区别
1. near表示相对的近,实际距离可能还很远。如:
Suzhou is near Shanghai.
2. by和beside都表示靠近,实际距离不可能很远,但beside比by更具体地表示出“在……旁边”的意思。如:
He was sitting beside her.
3. at也有“在旁边”的意思,但多表示有目的的行为所处的位置,而by和beside仅表示位置关系。如:
The students are sitting at the desks listening to the teacher.
Several students are sitting by / beside the window talking about a film.

四. at, in和on表示地点时的区别
1. at表示地点:
(1)用于指较小的地方。如:
I shall wait for you at the station.
(2)用于门牌号码前。如:
He lives at 115 Zhongshan Road.
2. in表示地点:
(1)用于指较大的地方。如:
He lives in Shanghai.
(2)虽然是很小的地方,如果说话人住在那里,也可用in。商店、学校、机关等,若看作一个地点(point)用at,若看作一个场所(place)用in。如:
I met him at the post-office.
I’m now working in the post-office.
3. on表示地点,一般指与面或线接触,意为“在……上;在……旁”。如:
The picture was hanging on the wall.
New York is on the Hudson River.

五. besides, except, except for, but表示“除……外”之间的区别
1. besides表示“除了……以外,还有……”,具有附加性质。如:
Besides Mr Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)
注意:besides用于否定句中时,与except, but同义,可互换。如:
We have no other books besides / except these.
2. except表示“……除外”,具有排它性质。如:
We all went to see the film except Mr Wang.(王先生没去)
3. except for表示“除了……”,即表示除去整体中的一部分。如:
The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes.
4. but意为“除了”,与except同义,except强调被排除的部分,but则强调整句的内容,常修饰否定意义的代词。如:
Nobody knew it but me.

六. above, over, on, up表示“在……上”之间的区别
1. above指“……上方”,表示相对高度,不一定在正上方,其反义词为below。如:
We’re flying above the clouds.
2. over指“在……正上方”,表示垂直上方,其反义词为under。如:
The bridge is over the river.
3. on表示“在……上面”,与物体表面接触,与beneath相对。如:
There is a map on the wall.
The earth felt soft beneath our feet.
4. up表示动作的方向往上,反义词为down。如:
Please hang the picture up.

七. by, through, with表示“方式、方法、手段”之间的区别
1. by表方式:
(1)表示以一般的方法或方式。如:
No one in those days could live by writing poems.
(2)表示传达、传递的方式或煤介。如:
How did you send the letter, by airmail or by ordinary mail?
(3)表示用交通工具、通讯工具后接名词单数,不加冠词。如:
He came by train, but his wife came by bus.
注意下面两句的区别:
Did you come by train?
Did you come in his car / on my bike?
“by +抽象名词”构成的词组有:by accident / by chance / by diligence / by effort / by force / by heart / by luck / by mistake / by hard work.
2. through表示“以;通过;经由”。如:
He succeeded through hard work.
3. with表示方式
(1)表示行为方式,意为“以;带着;用”。如:
We are well provided with food and clothing.
(2)表示使用具体的工具或手段。如:
He writes with a pen.
注意:在表示手段时,by, through, with有时也可换用,但with的意思更明确。如:
Through / By / With his efforts he succeeded in making so many useful inventions.

八. through, with, from, for, at表示原因的区别
1. through表示原因,作“因为”解,常和neglect, carelessness, mistake, fault等词连用,表示偶然或消极的原因,如疏忽、过错、不慎等。如:
He cut himself through carelessness.
The experiment failed through one fault of ours.
2. with表示原因,指由于外界而影响到内部,意为“因为;由于”。如:
The little girl was shivering with cold.
3.
from表示动机、疲劳、痛苦、死亡等原因。如:
She did it from a sense of duty.
4. for常表示为了某一目的、事业的原因。如:
Forgive me for keeping you waiting.
5. at表示原因,指“听到;看到;想到”等。如:
At the news they felt very glad.

九. 介词的搭配方式
1. 介词可与名词搭配。如:answer to, key to, the reason for, the cause of, advice on, by means of, lack of, a picture of等。
2. 介词可与形容词搭配。如:be afraid of, be active in, be tired of, be bored with, be prepared for, be suitable for, be familiar to / with, be free from等。
3. 介词可与动词搭配。如:talk about, prevent…from, belong to, get over, depend on, object to, refer to, look forward to, make up for, devote to等。
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