在初中范围复合句中主要有状语从句和宾语从句(名词性从句)两种,我们首先来看宾语从句。 ① 在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语,如: I knew the man, 而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语,如: I knew that he was a good man� 这时宾语从句的连接词有 that, (that 只在从句中起联接作用,不在句中充当语法成分,既不是主语也不是宾语,所以在口语中常常被省略。如: I am sure (that) she has passed the exam� ②if, whether 它们在宾语从句中只起连接作用,不起语法作用,当作是否讲。从句中有 or not 结构时,要用 whether, 如: I ask him if (whether) he has had his lunch� I asks him whether he has had his lunch or not� ③ what 它在宾语从句中除了作连接词外,还要作主语或宾语成份,如: I don't understand what you said� (what 作 said 的宾语)。 又如: I asked him what made him sick (what 在宾语从句中作主语)。 ④ who,它也和what一样,在句中除作连接词外,可以充当句中的成份,如: I know who she is looking for? ⑤ whose 如: I want to know whose book this is? ⑥ which 如: Do you know which book is mine?� 在连接词中还有4个常用的连接副词, ① how 它的应用最广,如: how much, how many, how long, how soon, how old …。如: How much does it cost? ② when 它只是连接时间状语,如: Please tell me when the meeting will begin? ③ where 它连接地点状语,如: Where are you from? ④ why 它要连接的是原因状语从句,如: The teacher asked why Tom didn't come to school. 在考试中常见到的考点是:宾语从句的时态与主句时态的呼应问题。 ① 主句谓语动词如果是现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态可以是任何所需要的时态, 如: I know he didn't come. 我知道他没来。 I know he will come tomorrow.� 我知道他明天来。 I know he has gone to London.� 我知道他已去伦敦了。 ② 主句中的谓语动词若是过去时,宾语从句也要用过去时态中的某一种。比如: 一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时。除了在表达宇宙中的客观真理时,不能用现在时态。如: I wanted to know when he would come.� The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun.
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