同位语从句和定语从句的区别

Question

我是一个初三的学生 我在看语法书的时候看到了同位语从句和定语从句的区别（其实同位语从句我们没学过），但是现在很想知道，请哪位高手帮忙用简洁易懂的文字解释一下它们的区别，语法书上的我看不懂，请大虾们用自己总结的经验说下。十分感谢

Answer 1

同位语从句：顾名思义，就是和所修饰词地位相同的从句，可以看成是对所修饰

词的解释说明，删去以后不影响原句的句意。

定语从句：也顾名思义，修饰的部分由一个句子来担当，也就是句子做定语。

但是从句和主句关系密切，删除后影响对句子的理解。

上面提到删去的目的是为了帮助你在考试的时候做题，很管用。

Answer 2

同位语从句与定语从句的区别（一）
同位语从句与定语从句形相似而实质不同，具体表现在以下几个方面：
1.
被修饰的词不同：同位语从句的前面一般是数量有限的、表示抽象意义的名词；而定语从句的先行词是无数的指人或物名词。
2.
从句的作用不同：同位语从句表示同位名词的具体内容，而定语从句是对先行词的限制、描绘或说明。
3.
引导词不同：what,
how,
whether等不能用引导定语从句，但可用于引导同位从句。
4.
引导词的作用不同：引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that为关系代词，在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
5.
判定定语从句和同位语从句的方法：由于同位语从句是用以说明被修饰名词的具体内容的，所它可以转换同位名词的表语；而定语从句则不能作这种转换。
同位语从句与定语从句的区别（二）：
一、从句法功能上来看
同位语从句中连接词that在从句中不作句子成分，也没有词汇含义，只起连接作用，其作用大致相当于一个冒号；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，且在句中充当句子的成分(主语或宾语)。如：
I
hold
the
belief
that
where
there
is
a
will,
there
is
a
way.
(that引导的是同位语从句，它在从句中不充当句子成分)
The
letter
that
I
received
yesterday
was
from
my
sister.
(that引导的是定语从句，它在从句中充当宾语)
二、从意义上来看
同位语从句所表达的内容与作为中心词的名词所表达的内容是一样的，两者之间可以划等号；而定语从句则是限制或修饰中心词的，中心词所表达的内容不等于定语从句所表达的内容。如：
He
told
me
the
news
that
his
uncle
would
come
home
from
abroad
on
National
Day.
(that引导的是同位语从句，其中the
news
=
his
uncle
would
come
home
from
abroad
on
National
Day)
This
is
the
factory
that
we
visited
last
month.
(that引导的是定语从句，其中
the
factory≠
we
visited
last
month.)
三、从中心名词上来看
同位语从句中的中心名词常是一些表示概括意义的抽象名词，这类名词有fact,
idea,
view,
thought,
order,
suggestion,
news,
truth,
hope,
promise,
answer,
belief,
condition,
doubt,
fear,
problem,
proof,
question
等。而定语从句中的中心名词是没有限定的。如：
四、从that是否可以省略来看
引导同位语从句的连词that一般不能省略，而在定语从句中，that作宾语时，可以省略。另外，引导定语从句的that若指事物，它可以用which来代替，而在同位语从句中，that
永远不能用which替代。

Answer 3

同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别

同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面:

1. 从词类上区别

同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词?而定语从句的先行词可以是名词?代词?主句的一部分或是整个主句?如:

The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed.人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性?(同位语从句)

We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting. 我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的问题?(同位语从句)

Word came that he had been abroad. 据说他已经出国了?(同位语从句)

Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴?(定语从句)

The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. 你找的那位医生在房间里面?(定语从句)

His mother did all she could to help him with his study. 他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助他的学习?(定语从句,代词all作先行词?)

2. 从性质上区别

定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴?如:

The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的?(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息?)

The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的?(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语?)

I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有?(同位语从句,补充说明promise到底是一个什么诺言?)

The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺?(定语从句,promise在从句中作pleased的主语?)

3. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别

有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句?如:

That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑?(同位语从句)

I have no idea what has happened to him. 我不知道他发生了什么事?(同位语从句)

引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略?that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替?如:

The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了?(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略?)

The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组?(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略?)

最后我们在一起来做三道练习题:

1. Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this coming Christmas.(2004上海春季高考)

A. which B. that

C. what D. whether

2. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ____ I thought was a dangerous speed. (2004上海春季高考)

A. as B. which

C. what D. that

3. Luckily,we'd brought a road map without ____ we would have lost our way. (2004北京春季高考)

A. it B. that

C. this D. which

答案:1. B 2. B 3. D

参考资料：http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/13180899.html?si=2&pt=sobar_ik

Answer 4

同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1)
定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
(2)
定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：
1)
The
news
that
he
told
me
is
that
Tom
would
go
abroad
next
year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）
2)The
news
that
Tom
would
go
abroad
is
told
by
him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）

Answer 5

看that在句子中占成分不占
╭＾＾＾╮
{/ o o /}
( (oo) )
） ））