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国际象棋记谱法
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2022.06.03 辽宁关注
国际象棋记谱有什么诀窍吗?下面学习啦小编给你介绍国际象棋记谱法，欢迎阅读。
国际象棋记谱法有好几种，但目前世界上通用座标记谱法(或称代数记谱法)。
着法有两种记法：
国际象棋完整记录法
每一着棋先记棋子的名称(兵可省略不记)，再记棋子原先的位置，接着加“-”或“×”的符号(“-”表示不吃子，“×”表示吃子)，最后标出棋子新到的位置。例如，附图中白马跳到黑点格，这一着应记为马g1—f3。
如果f3格有黑子，这时，白马吃黑子，应记为马g1×f3。
国际象棋简易记录法
每着棋先记棋子名称(兵可省略不记)，再记走完这着棋后棋子新到达的格位。如这着棋吃了对方的棋子，就在棋子名称和新到格位之间加“×”符号。例如，上例马g1-f3着法可简记为马f3;又如，上例马g1×f3着法可简记为马×f3。
如果有两个兵种相同的棋子都可走到同一方格中去，为加以辨别，应在棋子名称后加记棋子原来位置的标志。例如，图37演成图38的着法，记为马g×f3。
兵的着法表示还可以再简单，例如，白兵从e4吃去黑d5兵可简记为e×d5或ed。
国际棋联从1985年起规定：参加比赛的赛员，一律统一采用简易记录法。
3. Nxf7(z), Kxf7. 这是什么意思?第三着，白马杀f7兵(暴露战术)，继而黑王杀白f7马。
以简便方法记录作战意图，是这套记谱法的意旨。
a 牵制;A在腓尼基字母中代表牛头，牵字下为牛。
b 作架;base 基础。
c 包围;cage 笼子。
d 消除根子、防御子;delete 消除。
e 拦截;E字三横，中横是担任拦截任务的子。
f 攻击“被牵制子所保护的目标”;fix 固定，然后杀。与t有关，是t的颠倒。
g 引入;G 形如一物入笼，请君入瓮。
h 集中火力;heavy hit 重击。
i 垫杀;interpose 介入。
j 双将;就象i变异长了尾巴，介入的子有行动。
k 使前进无路;keep and knock，停留并撞击(自己的子)。
l 等着，防止;lion lazily lay，狮子懒惰地卧着。
m 吓退;magnificient 堂皇的。
n 顿挫;N曲折前进。
o 杀;囊括。
p 使无退路;pit 坑，挖坑让人跳，陷进出不来。
q 腾挪;Q有腿，形如开溜。
r 引离;r形如歧路;引离正路。
s 借力;s形如双钩联系彼我。
t 攻击被牵制子;T字中竖，是半路杀出的程咬金。
u 先弃后取;U字拐个弯还要回来;放弃了的还会得到。
v 捉双;V字如马捉双时的行动路线。
w 摆脱牵制;double v，两子之间紧密联系，被牵制子成支持子。
x 串击;x-线攻击，形容其穿透力。
y 闪击;Y是一枝二花，闪击是二子同时攻击二子。
z 暴露;Z如闪电，强力攻击。
+ 叫杀，撵离;
- 退;
-- 弃子争时;
rg 围敌打援，围魏救赵; 引离攻击自己王的子，引入圈套干掉。
ac 牵制以使其自阻逃路;
go 引兑;引入成杀。
ao 偷吃;牵制变杀。
bs 阶梯;作架的子成得架的子。
--c 弃子封塞;
1 王翼3路攻击;
2 后翼3路攻击;
3 中央2路攻击。
The Fried Liver Attack 1-0
1. e4 e5,
2. Nf3(2) Nc6(3),
3. Bc4(b) Nf6(i),
4. Ng5(q) d5(i),
5. ed(i) NxP?!(i),
6. Nxf7!?(z) KxN,
7. Qf3+(h) Ke6,
8. Nc3(t).
The position is unclear after 8. ... Nb4. However, white can improve with the line
6. d4(r) ed,
7. 0-0 when he threatens
8. Nxf7 and is probably winning.
From's gambit 0-1
1. f4(1) e5?!(g), with the idea of
2. fe d6(go),
3. ed Bxd6(1), theatening Qh4+ winning. After
4. Nf3 (other moves lose) Black replies with
4. ... Bg4(d), with the threat of BxN and then Qh4+(#) winning.
Although white can escape with 5. e3, (other moves are inferior and most lose), black's position is fun to play and probably only slightly worse. White has to play accurately on moves 4 and 5 and in blitz games this gambit is definitely worth a go.
The Staunton Gambit 1-0
This is in some sense similar to From's gambit running as it does
1. d4(2) f5(1),
2. e4(q) fe. Now the move
3. Nc3 has the idea of
3. ... d5?(b),
4. Qh5+(n) g6,
5. Qxd5(s) (and if 5. ... Qxd5, 6. Nxd5 Kd8, 7. Bf4 black has no good way to defend the c7 pawn) when white is clearly better. If black plays
3. ... Nf6, then white can play
4. Bg5 with the idea that if 4. ... d5?, then
5. BxN(d) ef, (Not 5. ... gf, 6. Qh5+-)
6. Qh5+(n) g6,
7. Qxd5(s) QxQ,
8. NxQ(o) when white wins the f6 pawn and has a winning advantage. If black plays the correct
4. Nc6 then white simply regains his pawn with
5. BxN ef, (not 5. ... gf, 6. Qh5++)
6. Nxe4 with an equal position.
A pretty trap 1-0
There is a very pretty but rare trap which runs as follows.
1. e4(1) e5(1),
2. Nf3(3) d6,
3. Bc4(b) Bg4(a),
4. Nc3(l) g6?,
5. Nxe5!(y, b, --) BxQ,
6. Bxf7(s, l) Ke7,
7. Nd5++(#)
Owen's defence 1-0
This is a system which is rarely played which runs
1. e4(3) b6(1),
2. d4 Bb7,
3. Bd3. The 'original' move here was
3. ... f5(r), with the idea that if white play
4. ef then black wins the rook on h1 with
4. ... Bxg2(#). However, this is tactically flawed after
5. Qh5+ g6(a),
6. fg(t) Nf6,
7. gh(d, q, w) NxQ,
8. Bg6++
The Budapest 0-1
There is an odd variation of the Budapest which runs
1. d4(2) Nf6,
2. c4(2) e5(r),
3. de Ne4?!,
4. Nf3 d6?!(go),
5. ed Bxd6(i),
6. g3?? (Oh dear!)
6. ... Nxf2!(z)
7. Kxf2 (7. Qa4 Bd7, doesn't help white)
7. ... Bxg3+(y) and black wins the white queen on d1. The sequence
1. d4(2) Nf6(2),
2. Nd2(3) e5(q), is a lot like the true budapest and the continuation
3. dxe5 Ng4(n),
4. h3 Ne3(r, #), winning, illustrates a theme which comes up in other positions. If
5. fe then of course
5. ... Qh4+
6. g3 Qxg3++ and if white doesn't take the knight then he loses his queen.
The Modern Defence 1-0
A similar queen trap is seen after the moves
1. e4 (1)g6(2),
2. d4(3) Bg7,
3. Nf3(2) d6(3),
4. Bc4 Nd7??, when white wins with
5. Bxf7!(z) If black takes it with
5. ... KxB?? (which looks superficially correct) then after
6. Ng5(q) he faces an unpleasant choice. If
Kf6 then Qf3++, if
Kf8 then Ne6+(v) wins black's queen, and if
Ke8 then Ne6(#) still wins black's queen!
The Traxler counter attack 0-1
This is one of the most outrageous openings. It runs as follows;
1. e4 e5,
2. Nf3(3) Nc6,
3. Bc4(1, b) Nf6(3), (the two knights defence which you should recognise from an earlier trick),
4. Ng5(q) Bc5!?. Black completely ignores the threats against f7! The idea is that after
5. Nxf7(v) Bxf2!?(z),
6. KxB Nxe4+ whites king will be in more danger than black's. There have been whole monographs written on this system and some of the complications are barely comprehensible. Basically black can bring his queen to h4 and will threaten all sorts of terrible things against white's king.
The Albin Counter Gambit 0-1
Another well known trap runs as follows.
1. d4 d5,
2. c4(2) e5(1),
3. de d4,
4. e3? (4. a3 is better)
4. ... Bb4+(a),
5. Bd2 dxe3(t, --),
6. Bxb4? (6. Qa4+(v) is possible although the complications that arise after 6. ... Nc6(b, i), 7. Bxb4 [7. fe Qh4+, 8. Kd1 {Not 8. g3? Qe4!(#)} 8. ... Qf2! is better for black] 8. ... ef+(g), 9. KxP Qd4+ probably favour black, especially over the board.)
6. ... ef+(r)
7. Ke2 fxg1=N+!!,
8. RxN Bg4+(x) and Black wins white's queen on d1.
The English Defence 0-1
Some players, when faced with the English defence, try to steer the game into calmer waters. The sequence
1. c4(2) b6,
2. Nc3 Bb7,
3. e4 e6(3),
4. Nf3 Bb4
5. Qb3 is not uncommon. Black may set a trap here with
5. ... Na6(b),
6. a3(-) Nc5!(u) when
7. QxB? loses the queen to
7. ... a5!(-),
8. Qb5 c6!(#). (
7. Qc2 is better but doesn't promise white much. Note that black doesn't (immediately) win a pawn after
7. ... BxN
8. QxB Nxe4 because white can play
9. Qxg7 and after
9. ... Qf6(c), the position is probably slightly better for black. Things would be different if white could find a way to play Bh6! [ie by having moved his d pawn earlier]).
The Grob 0-1
The 'Grob gambit' loses after
1. g4 e5(1, q),
2. f4(1)?? Qh4++,
Scholar's mate 1-0
For the sake of sakeness (which is also why the last two are here) I should mention fool's mate, also known as scholar's mate.
1. e4 e5,
2. Qh5 Nc6,
3. Bc4(1, b) threatening Qxf7++. If
3. ... g6 then
4. Qf3 threatening Qxf7++. If
4. ... Nf6 then
5. g4?! threatening
6. g5(t) and if the knight on f6 moves then, (you guessed it), Qxf7++. Of course, this is a rubbish opening but it is surprising how many people fall for this trap, especially on internet chess servers.
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