请各位高手帮我分析一下这几句子，谢谢（重奖）

Question

Although this was to have been a debate focused exclusively on foreign policy issues,the grave financial crisis that almost undermined the debate was the top issue addressed during the first half of the debate.
第一，this was to have been 是什么结构？我只是道be to do是将要的意思。
第二，that almost undermined the debate是不是句定语从句，其中that是关系代词做主语对吗？我对关系代词、关系副词在从句中做主语一直不太明白，请举例说明下！还有哪些是关系代词哪些是关系副词啊？
第三，addressed是过去分词作定语修饰前面的issue对吗？，因为问题是被解决的所以要用ed而不能用addressing？另外address有解决的意思吗？
这是VOA最近文章里的，没有语法错误

Answer 1

第一，this was to have been 这个结构分两方面来看：this is to do表示“将会是/将要...”，表示将来的时间，类似于be going to do。
to have been用的是不定式的完成式，在这里表示过去的动作，“本应该是...”，起到虚拟语气的作用。

第二，that almost undermined the debate是句定语从句，其中that是关系代词做主语，定语从句修饰financial crisis 。
只有关系代词可以在从句中做主语，关系副词不作主语，而做状语（地点、时间、原因等）。看例句：
This is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.
（whom/that作宾语，可以省略；主语是I，谓语是saw)
This is the man who/that wrote the novel.
(who/that作主语，不能省略；谓语是wrote，宾语是the novel）
This is the house where I was born.
（where是关系副词，做状语，=in the house）
I still remember the day when I first met her.
（when是关系副词，做时间状语，=on that day）
建议参考某些语法书，一看就明白。

第三，addressed是过去分词作定语修饰前面的issue对的。用过去分词addressed，使表示被动或者完成，这里是“被对付、被处理/讨论”的意思。
要注意的是，现在分词具有主动意义，其逻辑主语发出这个动作，也就是说通常是人，但是在这里，分词的逻辑主语是issue，所以只能用过去分词（issue只能被解决/被探讨/被解决，issue却不能充当解决其它东西的动作“发出者”）。讲得比较复杂，看一个例子吧：
There are a lot of workers building the house. (building的逻辑主语是workers，workers可以“建房子”，是动作发出者）
We can see a lot of houses newly built by the workers.（built的逻辑主语是houses，houses只能“被”建，所以用build过去分词。如果用building，那么就是要houses去“建”...，显然不合逻辑)

最后翻译一下这个句子：
尽管原本要进行的是一场专门针对外交政策事务方面的辩论，但是差点儿令这场辩论流产的严重的金融危机却成了本场辩论前半部分的头等辩论话题。

Answer 2

第一个this was to表目的
第二个that是关系代词代替主语financial crisis
引导定语从句的关系词分：关系代词和关系副词，用法如下：
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换), 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）when, where, why

关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"

结构交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？

2）that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

What只能引导名词性从 句， 用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。
I think (that) you will like the stamps.
What we need is more practice.
第三个addressed是过去分词作定语修饰前面的issue，adress 在这里应该是 提出 的意思,有解决的意思可以理解成tackle

Answer 3

第一个this was to表示目的
第二个that是关系代词代替主语financial crisis
引导定语从句的关系词分：关系代词和关系副词，用法如下：
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换), 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）when, where, why

关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"

结构交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？

2）that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

What只能引导名词性从 句， 用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。
I think (that) you will like the stamps.
What we need is more practice.
第三个addressed是过去分词作定语修饰前面的issue，adress 在这里应该是 提出 的意思,有解决的意思可以理解成tackle

Answer 4

1)this was to have been 其实和你说的be to do是一样的，不过这里变成了现在完成式，表示这已成为一场单纯集中于外事政策方面的争论。2）是定语从句。定语从句由关系代词引导，一般只有that和which，that都紧跟在被修饰的名词（或代词）后面，有时that也可省略（比如the song (that)I like).which可紧跟（限定性定语从句）也可用逗号点开（非限定性定语从句）,which在定语从句中不能省。关系副词常用的实际只有when, where, why, how，一般都引导状语从句，应该和关系代词好区别。
3）你的理解是对的，因为问题是被着重解决的，而不是问题重点在什么地方（如是这个意思就应该用adreessing）。address一个重要而常用的用法是“致力于……”“从事于……”“着手解决……”“重点论述……”“强调……”等意思。你问address有没有解决的意思，上面已经回答了。
4)这里补充一个例子，可进一步说明第一个问题的用法是怎么回事，句子来自国外杂志：
Hitachi Cable Group was early to recognize the importance of environmental issues in its management(日立电缆集团早就认识到在其管理中环境问题的重要性。)

Answer 5

简而言之，

第一，this was to have been是虚拟语气，表示“本应怎么怎么样”

第二，that almost undermined the debate相当于XXX which almost undermined the debate，是定语从句。这里that是关系代词，一般情况可以换成which的，比如这个句子。但有些情况只能用that，如：
① 先行词为all, anything, everything, nothing, something等时。如:
I will do all (that) I can to help you.

② 先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only, the very等所修饰时。如:
He was the only person that joined the army in his village that year.

③ 先行词既有人,又有物时。如:
They talked about the people and the things (that)they remembered in the school.

④ 当主句是以who 或which开头的疑问句时, 定语从句用that 引导, 以避免重复。如:
Who is the boy that was here just now?

第三，这里的addressed相当于which was addressed，是被动语态所以不能是doing。address直译没有“解决”这个意思的，这里做“讨论”解，可能讨论了但是没结果，不能做“解决”来解。

不客气不客气