第1个回答 2019-03-15
Telephone,
television,
radio,
and
telegraph
all
help
people
communicate
with
each
other.
电话，电视，收音机，电报都在帮助人们彼此联系。
Because
of
these
devices,
ideas
and
news
of
events
spread
quickly
all
over
the
world.
借助这些设备和想法，信息在世界传播的更快。
For
example,
within
seconds,
people
can
know
the
results
of
an
election
in
another
country.
比如，几秒钟之内，一场竞选的结果就能从一个国家传到另一个国家。
An
international
football
match
comes
into
the
homes
of
everyone
with
a
television
set.
每个人在家里都可以通过电视收看到一场国际赛事。
News
of
a
disaster
such
as
an
earthquake
or
a
flood
can
bring
help
from
distant
countries
within
hours,
help
is
on
the
way.
像地震，洪水这样的遭难，可以尽早的传达到其他国家，他们能提供帮助。
Because
of
modern
technology
like
the
satellites
that
travel
around
the
world,
information
travels
fast.
由于卫星这样现代设备的帮助，信息能传播的更快。
How
has
this
speed
of
communication
changed
the
world?
信息传播速度是如何改变世界的?
To
many
people,the
world
has
become
smaller.
对于大多数人来说，世界变小了。
Of
course
this
does
not
mean
that
the
world
is
actually
physically
smaller.
当然，这并不是说世界实质上变小了。
It
means
that
the
world
seems
smaller.
只是看起来小些
Two
hundred
years
ago,communication
between
the
continents
took
a
long
time.
2百年前，洲际交流总是要花很长时间。
All
news
was
carried
on
ships
that
took
weeks
or
even
months
to
cross
the
ocean.
信息必须由船运花上几个人才能带到。
In
the
seventeenth
and
eighteenth
centuries,it
took
six
weeks
for
news
from
Europe
to
reach
America
在17，18世界，信息从欧洲带到美洲要6个礼拜。
.This
time
difference
influenced
people's
actions.
这种时差影响着人们的行动。
For
example,
one
battle,
or
fight,
in
the
War
of
1812
between
England
and
the
United
States
could
have
been
avoided.
比如，1812年英国和美国本应该避免的战争。
A
peace
agreement
had
already
been
signed.
Peace
was
made
in
England,
but
the
news
of
peace
took
six
weeks
to
reach
America.
一个和平条约本已签订。由英国制定，但是花了6个礼拜才传到美国。
During
these
six
weeks,
the
large
and
serious
Battle
of
New
Orleans
was
fought.
在这6个礼拜里，新奥尔良战役就已经打响了。
Many
people
lost
their
lives
after
a
peace
treaty
had
been
signed.
虽然和平协议已经签订，但很多人还是失去了生命。
They
would
not
have
died
if
news
had
come
in
time.
如果信息传播够及时，他们就不会为此牺牲。
In
the
past,communication
took
much
time
than
it
does
now.?
过去交流所花时间比现在要花的多。
There
was
a
good
reason
why
the
world
seemed
so
much
larger
than
it
does
today
这就是为什么过去世界看起来比现在要大了。
第2个回答 2010-04-17
Humor and development of language itself and the internal laws of the relevant context. Linguists had different perspectives on humor research, which Gricean principle of cooperation put forward by the interpretation of the unique humor. Theoretical guidance in the principles of cooperation, through the analysis of specific examples of English conversation to explore the causes of humor, so as to achieve a deeper understanding and appreciation of the purpose of humor. �
Keywords: English conversation; cooperative principle; humor �
Humor is a language of art, it adds to our lives a lot of fun. English Humor is humor, the meaning of the production process of the session. In the humorous conversation, often appear both communication party violate the cooperative principle of a certain criteria, resulting in the speaker's subjective intentions and objective effects or the listener's understanding of inconsistency, resulting in a sense of humor. �
A principle of cooperation �
To make conversation flow in, meaning coherence, American philosopher Grice that the so-called coherent discourse is "the interpreter through discourse between the various sentences, and linked with the secondary goal to make all the specific relationship inference, these secondary objectives present in the whole process of understanding is required among the inference of intent. " He called this session the two sides must follow the "principle of cooperation." Grice in "Logic and Conversation" in an article that people talk to comply with the principles of cooperation, including the four areas, each area also includes a number of times the criteria and guidelines. �
A. number of criteria: �
a) make remarks just to meet the current information needed to talk. �
b) not more than words needed information. �
B. Quality Guidelines: �
Words to seek truth. �
a) Do not say it knew to be false. �
b) Do not say if the lack of sufficient evidence. �
C. Relevance criteria: be associated. �
D. means criteria: be clear. �
a) avoid obscurity. �
b) to avoid ambiguity. �
c) be concise. �
d) be orderly. (HU Zhuang-lin, 2002) �
If the communication that people can follow the above four criteria, then the communication in the most effective manner. Grice was found: in the actual communication, people do not always comply with these guidelines, and sometimes out of necessity, people will intentionally violate the principle of cooperation. The reason why the speaker seems to violate the cooperative principle of using this approach is to enhance communication effectiveness. The humor in the fact that the surface through which the practice of violating the principle of cooperation, it seems pointless to make the dialogue sound related, but not related to the surface meaning of the dialogue is included between the lines, this time also had a sense of humor. The following will explain the specific English conversation as a violation of the principle of cooperation in certain specific criteria trigger humor. �
2 English Conversation Humor �
Violation of the guidelines amount � 2.1
Standards require that the amount of information the speaker can not give enough information, nor more than necessary. Ambiguous or missing information will result in semantic ambiguity, information overload will express the same implication. Following this example is caused by excessive amount of information and humor.
第3个回答 2010-04-17
Humor to pick the emergence and development of language itself with the inherent laws and context. Linguists for humor studies on different angles, including grice's cooperative principle of humor is explained. Under the guidance of the principle of cooperation in theory, through the analysis of the concrete examples, this paper discusses conversational English humor causes, thus achieve deeper understanding and appreciating humour. after
Keywords: English conversation, Cooperation principle, Humor after
Humor is a verbal art, it is our life a lot of fun. English humor humor conversational implicature produced is the production process. In humorous conversation, often appear communication both side of the violation of the cooperative principle, resulting in a rule to the subjective intentions and objective understanding of the effect or listen to people, thus produce humor. after
1 after cooperation principle
In order to make conversation can unimpeded, significance and coherent, American philosopher grice discourse coherence of the so-called "text interpretation through the relationship between each sentence, and the secondary objectives of each relationship, these secondary targets making inferences exists for the whole process of reasoning required by the intent". He called it a conversation between the "cooperation principle must be followed. In the Logic grice Conversation. "think people talking with the cooperative principle includes four categories, each category includes a criterion and some times. after
A number of criteria: after
A) to meet the right words to the needed information. after
B) words don't need more information. after
B. quality criteria: after
Try to be true words. after
A) do not say false words is self-knowledge. after
B) don't say lack of sufficient evidence. after
C: correlation rule). after
D. way to clear criteria:. after
A) to avoid obscure. after
B) to avoid ambiguity. after
C) to succinct. after
D) to order. HuZhuangLin (2002), after
If people can follow in communication, communication above four criteria can most effectively. Glen rice found in actual intercourse, and people are not always abide by these standards, sometimes need for people intentionally violates the principle of cooperation. The speaker was adopted this seemingly violation of the cooperative principle is to strengthen the communication effect. The humor is through the surface of violation of the cooperative principle and make dialogues sounded seems pointless, but these surface meaning not related to the dialogue, but contains the implication and humor. Below will through specific conversational English due to violation of the cooperative principle to explain in a specific standards of humor. after
2 generate conversational English humor after
Violation of the rule is 2.1 after
The amount of code the speaker is insufficient information, information can also cannot than is needed. Scarcity of information will produce ambiguity or cause semantic fuzziness information, too, may also express some implication. Following the example is caused by excessive amount of humor. after
第4个回答 2020-02-09
summary
china
football
super
league
run
so
far
there
are
many
problems,
identify
their
underlying
causes
is
the
professional
league
institutionalization,
standardization,
and
procedures
of
the
lower
level,
there
are
no
laws,
that
the
law
is
difficult
to
depend
on
the
phenomenon,
and
the
lack
of
supporting
operational
law
regulations,
judicial
intervention
is
difficult.
therefore,
in
order
to
improve
our
football
league
legal
restraint
mechanism,
it
is
necessary
for
the
professional
league
which
the
"black
whistle"
problem
gambling
issues
in-depth
analysis
of
the
nature
of
their
acts,
sort
out
the
legal
terms
for
breaching
the
proposed
treatment
recommendations.
keywords
china
football
super
league
legally
binding
"black
whistle"
gambling
criminal
law