Electronic Networks
The rise of the Internet and of collaborative computing networking software lets companies make better use of existing formal and information networksand，indeed，encourages all employees throughout the firm to network.Collaborative computing software includes packages such as Lotus Notes that help employees“get together”ang make decisions，even at great distances.
Electronic networking——networking through e-mail and the use of collaborative computing software like Lotus Notes——helps manage business today.PricewaterhouseCooper’s 18000 accountants stay in touch thanks to electronic bulletin boards.Thus a Dublin employee with a question about dairy plant accounting might have her question answered by a networked colleague half a world away.31 Group decision support systems allow employees——even those in different countries——to brainstorm ideas and work together onproject.32
Indeed，collaborative packages like Lotus Notes are changing how companies are managed and organized.33 For example，a product called IP Team 3.0 includes new decision-building tools that automate and document the making of engineering decisions.One of its keyfeatures is that it integrates suppliers and contractors into the product development cycle.It thus lets a geographically dispersed group from the company and its suppliers work together to develop a product，and then automates the bidding procedure.34 Another collaborativegroupware product called OneSpace allows several design teams“to collaborate over the Internet and across fire walls in real-time by working directly on the 3D solid model….”35 When it comes to using the Internet for networking business processes，the UK-based British Telecommunications PLC（BT） provides a good illustration of“managing@the speed of thought.”BT has developed an Intranet——an internal network based on Internet technologies——which is used by over 60000 employees，customers，and suppliers.For example，the Intranet is used for BT’s project proposal submission process and helps everyone involved to instantaneously submit，review，and track the status of each project.36 The system uses a
simple security/authentication system to ensure that only involved parties have access to the project data.But by linking everyone together via the Internet，all those involved in a project（both within and outside BT）are able to monitor and manage their project，thanks to Internet-based networking.
Products like these do more thanexpedite the company’s design process or automate its purchasing.By linking employees，customers，suppliers，and partners electronically（often over the Internet），they enable companies to create what amount to electronic networked organizations.Here communications and relationships ignore traditional departmental boundaries，and even the traditional boundaries separating the company from its customers and suppliers largely cease to exist.
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