万分感谢，请大师帮个忙，我的论文要求英文翻译，很急

Question

新电子政务建设：技术选择国产化
技术实现模型是直接关系到电子政务系统如何规划建设和指导技术实现的关键。
电子政务建设在我国已有20多年时间，使用的软硬件技术大多是国外公司提供的，从实践结果看还需研发符合我国国情的软件技术模型。目前各单位电子政务建设有些是盲目跟着国外软、硬件公司的技术解决方案走，没有形成符合我国国情的信息化软、硬件技术实现模型，遇到深层次业务需求时，就无法真正解决，一旦国外软件公司的产品全面升级，则又面临着是跟着升级还是报废的两难境地。目前，必须重点建立一套具有自主知识产权、适合我国政府办公特点并与国际标准兼容的电子政务标准，制定电子政务标准体系框架。再次，必须要同时建立电子政务相关制度和法律体系。制度建设是电子政务顺利推进的一个根本保证。
统一标准实现国产化
新一代电子政务技术模型的重要创新是统一了软件研发标准。传统的电子政务建设也涉及到很多公司和产品，但它们是简单的整合，联动起来，只要功能没问题就可以了，留下了貌似集成，其实仍然是各自为政的局面。
新一代电子政务系统以统一的标准规范为手段，创新地从业务、设计、数据结构、界面等各方面进行了统一规范，使整个系统处于一个真正整体地集成，见图1。
这些标准如下。
统一技术架构 统一架构设计： 以面向服务的体系架构设计思想，采用多层的分布式体系结构进行构建；统一数据库结构设计： 以统一的数据库结构设计规则为标准进行数据库结构设计；统一软件命名规范： 以统一软件编码、软件产品命名规范为标准，实现各产品的命名统一； 统一数据库命名规范： 以统一数据库命名规范为标准，实现各产品的数据库命名统一。
统一软件编码开发 统一编码规范： 以统一的编码规范为标准进行系统代码的开发； 统一技术开发规范： 以统一的技术开发规范，制定了统一的技术路线要求、产品开发模式要求、统一基础技术支撑要求、统一支撑环境要求和统一的开发环境要求；统一域名规范： 以统一域名规范整个运行环境中各产品系统运行的域名命名规则。
统一软件集成 统一模块接口规范： 以统一接口标准规范各产品的集成接口； 统一系统配置规范： 以统一安装部署标准规范系统安装、配置部署；统一系统界面规范： 以统一界面规范，达成系统的易用性、统一性和美观性； 统一应用层次： 以统一的业务模型标准，实现各业务应用的相互整合和实现； 统一部署规范：以统一部署规范制定系统部署服务器分配标准、服务器安装部署目录规范、数据库部署分配规范。
统一软件测试 统一单元测试规范： 以统一单元测试规范制定统一的单元测试方法； 统一系统测试规范： 以统一系统测试规范制定统一的系统测试方法；统一集成测试规范： 以统一集成测试规范制定统一的集成测试方法。
统一软件管理 统一开发过程管理规范：以开发过程规范制定统一的软件生命周期管理制度； 统一评审规范： 以统一评审规范制定产品成果的评审流程、评审标准和评审制度；统一文档编制规范： 以统一的文档格式标准编写各类产品开发和管理文档； 统一项目管理流程规范： 以统一项目管理流程规范制定系统开发的项目管理规范；统一成果物提交规范： 以统一成果物提交规范制定统一成果提交标准要求。

Answer 1

The new e-government building: technology choices Localization
Technology to achieve the model is directly related to the e-government systems and guidance on how the planning and construction technology to achieve the key.
E-government construction in China has more than 20 years, the use of hardware and software technologies are mostly provided by foreign companies, from the practical need to see the results of research and development in line with China's national conditions model of software technology. At present e-government construction of each unit and some blindly follow foreign hardware and software company's technology solutions go, did not form in line with China's actual conditions of information technology software and hardware technology models, face in-depth business needs, you can not be a real solution, once the foreign software company's products fully upgraded, then it is faced with is the upgrade or scrapped along with a difficult dilemma. At present, we must focus on the establishment of a self-owned intellectual property rights and characteristics suited to China's government offices, and is compatible with international standards of e-government standards, has developed standards for e-government system framework. Once again, we must also build e-government-related institutions and legal systems. E-government systems is a fundamental guarantee for the smooth progress.
A unified standard to achieve localization of
A new generation of e-government technology, an important innovation in a unified model of software development standards. Traditional e-government construction also involves a lot of companies and products, but they are a simple integration, linkage up, no problem as long as the functionality can be, leaving behind what looked like an integrated, in fact, the situation is still fragmented.
A new generation of e-government systems to uniform standards and norms as a means of innovation from the business, design, data structures, interfaces and other aspects of a unified and standardized so that the whole system in a truly integrated whole, shown in Figure 1.
These criteria are as follows.
Unified technical architecture unified architecture: A service-oriented architecture design ideas, using multi-layer distributed architecture to build; unified database structure design: a unified database structure design rules for the standard database structure design; Unified Naming Specifications: a unified software coding, software product naming convention as the standard, the achievement of the product named reunification; unified database naming convention: to unify the database naming convention as the standard, the database name for each product to achieve unity.
Unified Development Code unified coding standard: a unified coding standard for the standard system code development; a unified technical development specifications: to unify the technical development specifications to develop a unified technology roadmap requirements, product development model calls for a unified basis for technical support requirements, environmental requirements, supporting a unified and a unified development environment requirements; Uniform Domain Name norms: The Uniform Domain Name, in whole operating environment in the domain name for each product naming system is running.
Unified Software integrated unified module interface specifications: a uniform interface standard specifications for each product integration interface; unified system configuration specifications: the deployment of a unified standard specification system installation to install, configure, deploy; unified system interface specifications: a uniform interface specification, the system easy to reach versatility, uniformity and aesthetics; uniform application of levels: to unify the standard business model to achieve the mutual integration of various business applications and achieve; unified arrangements of the specification: to unify the deployment of normative criteria for the allocation system deployment server, the server installation of the deployment directory specification the database to deploy the distribution specification.
Unified Software Testing a single unit test specification: to unify the unit test specification to formulate a unified unit testing methods; unified system test specification: A unified system test specifications for uniform system testing methods; a unified integration test specifications: to unify the integration test specifications to develop a unified Integration testing methods.
Unified Software Development Process Management Unified management standards: the standards development process to develop a unified software life-cycle management system; uniform assessment standards: to unify the outcome of the assessment norm-setting product review process, evaluation criteria and evaluation system; uniform documentation standards: to unify the document format standards in the preparation of various types of product development and management of documents; Unified Project Management Process specifications: to unify the project management process to develop standardized systems development project management standards; uniformity of results in material submitted to norms: to unify the results of material submitted to standardize the development of uniform standards for the results presented requirements.