写英语作文和汉语作文一样，也有许多可供借鉴的要领和诀窍。初、中级英语学习者，只要掌握了一定量的英语知识，再加上一些技巧，完全能够写出较好的英语作文，并在各级各类英语考试中取得书面表达部分的好成绩。
要领一：学会审题
我们都知道，无论是汉语作文还是英语作文，审题都是第一步，而且是非常重要的一步。英语作文的审题有其特殊的意义。一要审清题目的要求，包括体裁、人称、时间、词数等。二要审清内容和要点，列出简单提纲并精选词汇和句型。三要审清应使用的动词时态：日记常使用过去时态或现在时态，通知常用将来时态，看图作文常用过去时态，人物、地点介绍常用现在时态，介绍学习、爱好、生活等方面的英语作文也常用现在时态等。
要领二：开门见山
英美国家的人习惯“开门见山”。这就要求作者在文章开头就要说明这篇文章打算要说什么，即阐明文章的大概意思（general idea），然后再详细叙述过程。如：
Boys and girls， May I have your attention，please？
There will be a lecture on American literature at the weekend．…
That's all．Thank you．
以上是一个关于一场报告的通知。一开始，就要告诉读者通知的主要内容（There will be a lecture on American literature），然后再说明具体的时间、地点和要求等。
若是写一封申请函，我们就可以用以下形式开门见山地表明自己的意图。
Dear sir，
I have learned from China Youth that a typist is needed in your company．I want to apply for the job and work with your company．．．
介绍人物、地点、学习、生活习惯及新闻报道等方面的作文都可以使用开门见山的方式来写。这样写出的文章读起来自然流畅。例如：
（1）Beijing，the capital of China，is a world-famous city．There are many places of interest in and around Beijing．The Palace Museum lies in the center of the city．It used to be the palace of the emperors in the Ming and Qing dynasties．There are many splendid buildings there．The Great Wall， which is a wonder of the world，is not far from the city of Beijing．．．
（2）I am a boy of 15．I have many hobbies，of which collecting stamps is my favorite．．．
（3）New York—A traffic accident occurred on High Way 35last night．12 people were badly injured in the accident，2children included．．．
要领三：句子结构、形式要多样化，长短句搭配
初学英语的人在写英语作文时缺点之一就是句子太短，句型过于单调呆板，缺少变化。往往机械地使用“主—谓—宾”或“主—系—表”结构。由于对英语丰富多彩的表达方式不熟悉，写出的作文就像儿童作品一样幼稚。解决的方法有二：
1开头句多样化
在英语修辞学中，用主语开头的句子称为“主语领先句”（subject-first sentence）。从语法的角度讲，主语领先句并无任何错误，但在语篇中过多使用或连续使用主语领先句，在写作技巧上就是一个缺点了。为了使文章读起来生动活泼，保持平衡匀称，或突出强调某些成分，我们可以使用除主语开头以外的其他成分开头的英语句子。例如：
To the west of the city is a river，named the Juma River．（地点状语开头）
Not having received her letter，I decided to write to her again．（分词作状语开头）
Being ill，she had to stay in bed for a couple of days．（现在分词作状语开头）
To catch the early bus，I got up at 5：30，earlier than usual．（不定式作状语开头）
Big and beautiful，the campus is much better than I had expected．（adj作状语开头）
Air，water and stone，everything is made up of atoms．（同位语开头）
Excited at the result，she hurried to tell her mother about it．（分词作状语开头）
Very carefully and slowly，she stepped into the dark cave．（副词作状语开头）
American English rather than British English I like better．（宾语开头）
It wasn't until we had finished all the cleaning that we left the park and went home．（强调句型强调时间状语从句开头）
2长、短句搭配
短句是指字数（词数）不多的句子，而不论该句子的句法结构如何（简单句并非都很短，复合句也并不一定都很长。）短句便于组织和表达。用短句来表达一个信息，能迅速抓住对方（或读者）的注意力，收到一目了然、立竿见影的效果。它具有直接、清楚、有力、明快、自然的特点。同短句比较，长句能够表达更为复杂的概念，形式上显得庄重严肃，所以多出现在正式场合和书面语中。在英语作文中适当使用长句，可以表现作者驾御英语的能力和水平。长句和短句在语篇中搭配使用，既可以减少读者因为分析长句所带来的疲劳，又可以体现作者的英语写作水平，并使文章读起来自然、流畅。例如：
I have never walked down the south side of the town without being all in a dither about what was happening on the north．This is folly．
以上前边是一个长句，后边短句只用了三个词，便把自己对前述行为的态度（我那样蠢）一针见血地表达出来，中肯有力。要领四：套用句型
初级和中级英语学习者，由于缺乏对英语的熟练驾御能力，再加上没有使用高级词汇和高级句型的意识，致使他们所写的作文中多是英语简单句。为了改变这一局面，开始阶段可以采用套用常用句型的方法。学习者要整理和熟记一些最常用的复合句句型，以便在写英语作文时套用。以下是在大多数场合都可以套用的一些常用英语句型：
1．套用what从句（由what引导的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）
That is what they wanted to know．（what引导的表语从句）
I wonder what you want to do．（what引导的宾语从句）
I have no idea what they found．（what引导的同位语从句）
2．套用that引导的表语从句
The reason is that．．．;The problem is that．．． ;The question is that．．．
The fact is that．．． ;The result is that．．．
3．套用when，where，how，why等引导的表语从句
That is where we used to have our experiments．
That was when he was only a boy of 15．
That is how he has succeeded as a doctor．
That is why I didn't accept his offer．
4．套用定语从句
The computer，which has become widely used in many fields throughout the world，was invented in 1946．
Tom is my best friend，whose mother died when he was only 7．
5．套用句型It is＋形容词或过去分词＋that从句。
It is important that we（should）have a good knowledge of English grammar．
It is necessary that you（should）have a large vocabulary．
It is strange（surprising，impossible，a pity）that he should have left without notice．
It is said（reported，believed）that our team has won the game．
6．套用It seems that／as if．．．
It seems that ／as if he has found a way out．
7．套用句型It（so）happened that．．．
It so happened that he was passing by and he jumped into the icy water to save the drowning boy．
8．套用句型．．．be about to do sth．／be doing sth．＋when（suddenly）．．．
We were about to start off when suddenly the telephone rang．
She was about to cross the street when a car knocked her down．
I was walking in the street when suddenly a man rushed out of a dark corner．
9．套用强调句型It is（was）＋被强调成分＋that（指人时可用who）．．．
It was then and there that I realized what a noble man Mr Zhang was．
Where was it that you got the dictionary？
10．套用一些常用熟语
How time flies！Nearly a month has passed since I last met you．How are things with you？How are you getting on with your English study？I am looking forward to seeing you soon in Beijing．I will be expecting you at the airport．Be sure to drop in when you come to Beijing．Be sure to ring me when you arrive．I appreciate your kindness．Yours sincerely，Yours truly，．．．
His parents were grateful（thankful）tome for my help．We were just in time for the film．
Ladies and gentlemen，may I have your attention，please？That's all．Thank you．
要领五.套用英语“过渡语”
语篇是一个完整的语义单位，是依靠句子来实现的。语篇不是句子的任意堆砌，构成语篇的句子必须是相关联的。同一语篇中句子之间内容上的联系往往是通过一些连接词实现的。英语中的连接词表示的是前后句子之间或上下文之间语意上的关系而非语法关系。为了保证语篇中句子间逻辑内容的衔接和连贯，英语学习者必须掌握和熟练运用一些常用的连接词，即“过渡语”。初学者可以有意识地套用这些连接词。英语的连接词常常用于句首。英语的连接词分为四大类，分别表示上下文之间的不同连接关系。
第一、递进关系
and，and also，besides，further more，in addition，alternatively，in other words，similarly，generally，that is to say，by the way，on the other hand，for one thing．．．also．．．，by contrast。
第二、转折关系
but，yet，nevertheless，however，on the contrary，in fact，at the same time，actually，instead，rather，in any case等。
第三、因果关系
so，therefore，for this reason，as a result，in consequence，in that case等。
第四、时间顺序关系
and then ，next ，after that ，firstly ，
secondly，and finally，at once，immediately，shortly after that，two days later，at this point等。例如：
A big fire broke out．As a result，all their belongings were burnt up in the fire．
The film had already started when we arrived at the cinema．We didn't get in．
Instead，we went for a walk．
I should have offered him a hand at that moment．However，I didn't do so．
要领六. 书写规范
英语学习者要清楚地认识到“书面表达”包含“书面”和“表达”两层意思。其中“书面”指形式，表达是内容，形式是为内容服务的。但是，好的内容配上好的形式才会完美。正如好的商品需要好的包装才能卖上好价钱一样，好的作文书写美观才能得到高分。书写规范包括以下三方面要求：
第一、文章要分段
一篇100词左右的英语作文可以根据内容分为三段（开头，中间和结尾）。
第二、限制每行词数
一般在16开的纸上，每行手写10到11个英语单词比较合适。这样就能保证单词中字母大小合适，词和词之间距离适当。
第三、抄写认真
文章抄写最忌讳马虎潦草。这就要求作者要认真抄，不能连笔，要尽可能将字母写得“圆滑”，因为“圆滑”的字母较美观。美的形式加之好的内容，就能令读者赏心悦目，给作者带来好的分数。
结语：达尔文说过“最有价值的知识是关于方法的知识。”英语学习者只要按照以上方法和要领去练习写作，遵循“以审题求切题，以提纲求严密，以过渡语求条理，以变化求生动，以常用求保险”的写作原则，就一定能够在英语作文方面有所突破并取得英语作文的好成绩。
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