帮忙翻译一篇英语文章啊啊

Question

The kindest cut

Cutting down trees could be the best way to
preserve tropical forests

DEPRESSING
reports about how quickly the world's tropical forests are being felled are
commonplace. But depressing reports about the state of the trees that are still
standing are much rarer. In fact, a new study from the International Tropical
Timber Organisation (ITTO), an offshoot of the United Nations, claims to be the
first exhaustive survey of tropical-forest management ever undertaken. Its
findings, although grim, do contain a kernel of hope.

The
ITTO examined “permanent forest estate”, meaning land that the governments of
its 33 members have formally set aside for forests, and is therefore subject to
some form of regulation or protection. The category includes both national
parks and timber concessions, in both public and private hands. It covers 814m
hectares, and accounts for roughly two-thirds of the world's tropical forests.

The
concept is important, explains Duncan Poore, one of the authors of the report,
because it is not always possible, or desirable, to protect every last grove
against encroaching farms or homes. Instead, governments should concentrate on
maintaining the forests that are the most commercially and scientifically
valuable. Yet the ITTO's researchers found that only 15% of the permanent
forest estate has a management plan, and less than 5% of it is sustainably
managed. That still amounts to an area the size of Germany, the report notes,
and represents a dramatic improvement since 1988, when an earlier and less
extensive survey found that only one country in the tropics—Trinidad and
Tobago—had any well-run forests at all. But relative to the area of forest that
has

disappeared over the same period, the
well-managed area is negligible.

The
crux is bad government. Poor countries do not always have good forestry laws.
Even when they do, they rarely have the capacity to enforce them. It is no
coincidence that Malaysia, the country with the highest proportion of prudently
managed forest in the study, is also one of the richest. Countries with the
worst run forests, meanwhile, are war-torn places such as Congo and Cambodia.
More surprising,
perhaps, is the difference the report found between forests where logging is
allowed, and those that have been earmarked for conservation. Some 7% of
“production” forests, it turns out, are in good shape, compared with just 2.4%
of “protection” forests. As Dr Poore points out, it is easy to undertake to
preserve a forest, but difficult to do so in practice. Timber concessionaires
at least have an incentive (and probably the wherewithal) to look after their
property, while ill-paid and ill-equipped forestry officials often have
neither. Exploiting forests may prove the best way to preserve them
不要百度谷歌翻译的，要人工翻译的，要语句通顺

Answer 1

　　 最温柔的一刀
　　砍伐树木却是如今保护热带森林的最佳途径

　　我们在到处都能看到这样的报道：地球上，热带雨林面积飞速缩减、树木被大量砍伐，这实在让人痛心！尽管如此，对此现状作出的警醒世人的报道依然是少之又少。实际上，,国际热带木材组织(ITTO)——联合国的一个分支——发表了一项最新研究，号称是有史以来首次对热带森林管理现状进行深入调查。其调查的结果，在残酷的事实下，却埋藏着希望。

　　国际热带木材组织考察了“永久性森林地产”，这意味着，ITTO所属的33个成员国政府，将正式拨出土地让位给森林，从此，这些土地将会受到特别的监管和保护。这意味着官方如国家公园、私人如木材商，两方面都要作出让步。此次让出的土地有814公顷，大约相当于全球热带森林的三分之二。

　　该报告的作者之一，邓肯•玻尔解释说，这一概念是很重要的，因为保护每一片濒临消失的小树林，防止它们被农田或住宅侵占，这一想法并不能完全付诸于行动。因此，政府应该集中精力和财力物力，去保护那些最具有商业和科学价值的森林。但是，ITTO的研究人员发现，只有15%的永久性森林有具体的地产管理计划，不到5%的永久性森林管理是可持续的。在早期更广泛的调查中发现，只有一个热带国家——特立尼达和多巴哥共和国——相当于德国面积的大小的森林管理良好，这一发现，代表了自1988年以来，热带雨林状况的一个戏剧性的改善。但考虑到，在同一时期，该地区的森林就消失了，因此可以忽略不计，至此，可认为史上不存在管理良好的森林区域。

　　政府的无能与昏庸是问题的症结所在。在经济落后的国家，并不能保证有完善的林业法律。在这些国家，政府即使想做什么，也几乎没有财力物力来施行。在这项研究中发现，马来西亚，是得到妥善管理的森林面积比例最高的国家，也是赤道附近国家中最富有的国家之一，这结果并非巧合。与此同时，森林管理情况最差的国家，正是饱受战争蹂躏的刚果和柬埔寨等地。或许更令人惊讶的是，报告中提到的允许砍伐的森林和被保护的森林之间的差异。事实证明，大约有7%的“用于木材生产”的森林状态良好，相比之下，却只有2.4%的“受保护”森林有同样良好的生长状态。正如porre博士所指出的那样，保护森林，许诺容易、兑现难。对于木材经营者来说，至少他们会得到经济上的鼓励(可能是提供资金)，相比之下，林务官待遇不高、且经常缺少设备。开采森林资源可能保护它们的最佳方式。追问

还有一篇，翻好了明天把分一起给你
链接http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/552012660574114092.html?quesup2&oldq=1

追答

我不是为了分，现在有几千分了~~~

真的翻不动了...
不过，我会尽量的，明早查收吧~

追问

哈哈，谢谢，你是南京人啊，我也是啊，我是南大的哈哈

Answer 2

最仁慈的削减

Cutting
down trees could be the best way to

砍伐树木可能是最好的方式

preserve
tropical forests

保护热带森林

DEPRESSING

令人沮丧的

reports
about how quickly the world's tropical forests are being felled are

报告有关全球热带森林被砍伐

commonplace. But depressing reports about the state of the trees that
are still

平凡的。但令人沮丧的报告是树的状态仍然

standing
are much rarer. In fact, a new study from the International Tropical

站的更是少之又少。事实上，从国际热带的一项新的研究

Timber
Organisation (ITTO), an offshoot of the United Nations, claims to be the

木材组织（它），联合国的一个分支，称为

first
exhaustive survey of tropical-forest management ever undertaken. Its

热带森林管理进行详尽的调查。它的

findings,
although grim, do contain a kernel of hope.

结果，虽然严峻，但希望还是有的。
的

ITTO
examined “permanent forest estate”, meaning land that the governments of

ITTO检测了“永久性森林地产”的意义，政府的土地，

its 33
members have formally set aside for forests, and is therefore subject to

其33个成员国已经正式设立的森林，并因此受

some form
of regulation or protection. The category includes both national

某些形式的管理或保护。它涉及国家

parks and
timber concessions, in both public and private hands. It covers 814m

公园和伐木，在公共和私人手中。它涵盖8.14亿

hectares,
and accounts for roughly two-thirds of the world's tropical forests.

公顷，为世界上大约三分之二的热带森林的帐户。

The

的

concept
is important, explains Duncan Poore, one of the authors of the report,

概念是很重要的，解释邓肯玻尔，该报告的作者之一，

because
it is not always possible, or desirable, to protect every last grove

因为它是不可能的，或可取的，保护每一片

against
encroaching farms or homes. Instead, governments should concentrate on

对农田或住宅侵占。相反，政府应该集中精力

maintaining the forests that are the most commercially and
scientifically

维护森林，是最具有商业和科学

valuable.
Yet the ITTO's researchers found that only 15% of the permanent

有价值的。可是ITTO的研究人员发现，只有15%的永久

forest
estate has a management plan, and less than 5% of it is sustainably

森林地产管理计划，和小于5%是可持续的

managed.
That still amounts to an area the size of Germany, the report notes,

管理。区域相当于一个德国的大小，该报告指出，

and
represents a dramatic improvement since 1988, when an earlier and less

又是一个显着的改善自1988以来，当早期的少

extensive
survey found that only one country in the tropics—Trinidad and

广泛的调查发现，在热带地区，只有特立尼达一个国家

Tobago—had any well-run forests at all. But relative to the area of
forest that

多巴哥有什么好森林经营。但相对的森林面积，

has

有

disappeared over the same period, the

消失在同一时期内，该

well-managed area is negligible.

管理良好的区域是可以忽略的。
的

crux is
bad government. Poor countries do not always have good forestry laws.

关键是糟糕的政府。贫穷的国家往往缺乏良好的林业法律。

Even when
they do, they rarely have the capacity to enforce them. It is no

即使他们这样做，他们很少有执行能力。这是没有

coincidence that Malaysia, the country with the highest proportion of
prudently

马来西亚，符合比例最高的谨慎的国家

managed
forest in the study, is also one of the richest. Countries with the

在研究管理的森林，也是最富有的一个。国家与

worst run
forests, meanwhile, are war-torn places such as Congo and Cambodia.

最严重的森林经营，同时，在饱受战争蹂躏的地区如刚果和柬埔寨。

More
surprising,

更让人吃惊的，

perhaps,
is the difference the report found between forests where logging is

也许，是差异的报告发现，森林采伐之间

allowed,
and those that have been earmarked for conservation. Some 7% of

允许的，和那些已被用于保护。7%的

“production” forests, it turns out, are in good shape, compared with
just 2.4%

“生产”的森林，事实证明，在良好的状态，只有2.4%的比较

of
“protection” forests. As Dr Poore points out, it is easy to undertake to

“保护”的森林。玻尔博士指出，这是很容易进行

preserve
a forest, but difficult to do so in practice. Timber concessionaires

保护森林，但在实践中难以做到。木材经营商

at least
have an incentive (and probably the wherewithal) to look after their

至少有一个激励（和可能的资金）照顾他们

property,
while ill-paid and ill-equipped forestry officials often have

属性，而报酬低、装备差的林业官员往往有

neither.
Exploiting forests may prove the best way to preserve them

既不。利用森林可能保存他们的最好方式