prep. 向，朝，往，对着(某方向或某处);位于…方向;到，达(某处)
inf. 表示目的或意图;表示结果;表示原因
adv. 关着;关闭;关上
prep.
1 、向，朝，往，对着（某方向或某处）
in the direction of sth; towards sth
I walked to the office.
我朝办公室走去。
It fell to the ground.
它掉到了地上。
It was on the way to the station.
那是在去火车站的路上。
He's going to Paris.
他就要去巴黎了。
my first visit to Africa
我对非洲的第一次访问
He pointed to something on the opposite bank.
他指向对岸的某样东西。
Her childhood was spent travelling from place to place.
她的童年是在不断迁移中度过的。
2 ~ the sth (of sth)
位于…方向
located in the direction mentioned from sth
Place the cursor to the left of the first word.
把光标置于第一个单词的左边。
There are mountains to the north.
北面有山。
3
到，达（某处）
as far as sth
The meadows lead down to the river.
牧场一直延伸到河边。
Her hair fell to her waist.
她的长发一直垂到腰部。
4
到，达（某种状态）
reaching a particular state
The vegetables were cooked to perfection.
这些蔬菜烧的火候恰到好处。
He tore the letter to pieces.
他把信撕碎了。
She sang the baby to sleep.
她唱着歌把孩子哄睡了。
The letter reduced her to tears (= made her cry) .
那封信让她落泪了。
His expression changed from amazement to joy.
他的表情由惊变喜。
5
（表示范围或一段时间的结尾或界限）到，至
used to show the end or limit of a range or period of time
a drop in profits from $105 million to around $75 million
利润从1.05亿元降到7 500万元左右
I'd say he was 25 to 30 years old (= approximately 25 or 30 years old) .
我猜他在25至30岁之间。
I like all kinds of music from opera to reggae.
我喜欢各种音乐，从歌剧到雷盖都喜欢。
We only work from Monday to Friday.
我们仅从星期一工作到星期五。
I watched the programme from beginning to end.
这个节目我从头看到了尾。
6
在…开始之前；离；差
before the start of sth
How long is it to lunch?
离吃午饭还有多久？
(especially BrE) It's five to ten (= five minutes before ten o'clock) .
现在是十点差五分。
7
（引出接受者）给，予，向
used to show the person or thing that receives sth
He gave it to his sister.
他把那给了他的妹妹。
I'll explain to you where everything goes.
我会向你解释所有东西的摆放位置。
I am deeply grateful to my parents.
我对父母是感恩戴德。
Who did she address the letter to?
那封信她是写给谁的？
(formal) To whom did she address the letter?
那封信她是写给谁的？
8
（引出受事者或受体）对于，关于
used to show the person or thing that is affected by an action
She is devoted to her family.
她深深爱着自己的家庭。
What have you done to your hair?
你怎么把头发弄成这个样子？
9
（表示两件事物相接或相连）
used to show that two things are attached or connected
Attach this rope to the front of the car.
把这绳子系在小轿车的前面。
10
（表示两人或事物之间的关系）属于，归于，关于，对于
used to show a relationship between one person or thing and another
She's married to an Italian.
她嫁给了一个意大利人。
the Japanese ambassador to France
日本驻法大使
the key to the door
这个门的钥匙
the solution to this problem
解决这个问题的办法
11
指向；关于
directed towards; concerning
It was a threat to world peace.
这是对世界和平的威胁。
She made a reference to her recent book.
她提到了自己最近的那本书。
12
（引出比较或比率的第二部分）比
used to introduce the second part of a comparison or ratio
I prefer walking to climbing.
我喜欢散步多于喜欢爬山。
The industry today is nothing to what it once was.
这一行业的现状与昔日的盛况相比微不足道。
We won by six goals to three.
我们以六比三获胜。
13
（表示数量或比率）等于，每，一
used to show a quantity or rate
There are 2.54 centimetres to an inch.
一英寸等于2.54厘米。
This car does 30 miles to the gallon.
这辆汽车每加仑汽油可行驶30英里。
compare per
14
向…表示敬意
in honour of sb/sth
a monument to the soldiers who died in the war
阵亡将士纪念碑
Let's drink to Julia and her new job.
让咱们为朱莉娅和她的新工作干杯。
15
伴随；随同
while sth else is happening or being done
He left the stage to prolonged applause.
他在经久不息的掌声中退下了舞台。
16
（用于表示动作的动词之后）为了给，以提供
used after verbs of movement to mean ‘with the intention of giving sth’
People rushed to her rescue and picked her up.
人们冲上来把她救起。
17
（表示态度或反应）适合，符合，致使
used to show sb's attitude or reaction to sth
His music isn't really to my taste.
他的音乐实在不合我的口味。
To her astonishment, he smiled.
使她惊讶的是，他笑了。
18
（表示看法或感觉）按…的看法，据…认为
used to show what sb's opinion or feeling about sth is
It sounded like crying to me.
在我听来这像哭。
infinitive marker不定式标记;
1
（表示目的或意图）
used to show purpose or intention
I set out to buy food.
我动身去买吃的。
I am going to tell you a story.
我要给你们讲一个故事。
She was determined to do well.
她决心要做好。
His aim was to become president.
他的目的是当总统。
To be honest with you, I don't remember what he said.
跟你说实话，我不记得他说过什么了。
2
（表示结果）
used to show the result of sth
She managed to escape.
她设法逃走了。
It was too hot to go out.
天太热，不能出去。
He couldn't get close enough to see.
他无法靠近看个清楚。
3
（表示原因）
used to show the cause of sth
I'm sorry to hear that.
我听到这消息很难过。
4
（表示想做或让做的事情）
used to show an action that you want or are advised to do
I'd love to go to France this summer.
今年夏天我想去法国。
The leaflet explains how to apply for a place.
这本小册子介绍如何申请职位。
I don't know what to say.
我不知道说什么好。
【帮助说明】 To can also be used without a verb following when the missing verb is easy to understand:
He asked her to come but she said she didn't want to.
to后面的动词容易理解时也可省略：He asked her to come but she said she didn't want to.
5
（表示已知或转述的事情）
used to show sth that is known or reported about a particular person or thing
The house was said to be haunted.
据说这座房子里闹鬼。
6
（表示一个动作紧跟另一动作）
used to show that one action immediately follows another
I reached the station only to find that my train had already left.
我到了车站，却发现我要搭乘的火车已经开走了。
7
am, is, are, was, were ~
必须；一定；应该
used to show that you must or should do sth
You are not to talk during the exam.
考试期间不许说话。
She was to be here at 8.30 but she didn't arrive.
她应该在8:30到这里，但是没有到。
adv.
(usually of a door 尤指门) 关着；关闭；关上
in or into a closed position
Push the door to.
推门关上。
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