第3个回答 2010-06-10
Twain began his career writing light, humorous verse, but evolved into a chronicler of the vanities, hypocrisies and murderous acts of mankind. At mid-career, with Huckleberry Finn, he combined rich humor, sturdy narrative and social criticism. Twain was a master at rendering colloquial speech and helped to create and popularize a distinctive American literature built on American themes and language. Many of Twain's works have been suppressed at times for various reasons. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has been repeatedly restricted in American high schools, not least for its frequent use of the word "nigger", which was in common usage in the pre-Civil War period in which the novel was set.
另附：
写作风格：融幽默与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
A complete bibliography of his works is nearly impossible to compile because of the vast number of pieces written by Twain (often in obscure newspapers) and his use of several different pen names. Additionally, a large portion of his speeches and lectures have been lost or were not written down; thus, the collection of Twain's works is an ongoing process. Researchers rediscovered published material by Twain as recently as 1995.[32]
Early journalism and travelogues
Cabin in which Twain wrote Jumping Frog of Calaveras, located on Jackass Hill in Tuolumne County.[47] Historical marker and interior view available.Twain's first important work, "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County", was first published in the New York Saturday Press on November 18, 1865. The only reason it was published there was that his story arrived too late to be included in a book Artemus Ward was compiling featuring sketches of the wild American West.
After this burst of popularity, Twain was commissioned by the Sacramento Union to write letters about his travel experiences for publication in the newspaper, his first of which was to ride the steamer Ajax in its maiden voyage to Hawaii, referred to at the time as the Sandwich Islands. These humorous letters proved the genesis to his work with the San Francisco Alta California newspaper, which designated him a traveling correspondent for a trip from San Francisco to New York City via the Panama isthmus. All the while, Twain was writing letters meant for publishing back and forth, chronicling his experiences with his burlesque humor. On June 8, 1867, Twain set sail on the pleasure cruiser Quaker City for five months. This trip resulted in The Innocents Abroad or The New Pilgrims' Progress.
This book is a record of a pleasure trip. If it were a record of a solemn scientific expedition it would have about it the gravity, that profundity, and that impressive incomprehensibility which are so proper to works of that kind, and withal so attractive. Yet not withstanding it is only a record of a picnic, it has a purpose, which is, to suggest to the reader how he would be likely to see Europe and the East if he looked at them with his own eyes instead of the eyes of those who traveled in those countries before him. I make small pretense of showing anyone how he ought to look at objects of interest beyond the sea – other books do that, and therefore, even if I were competent to do it, there is no need.
In 1872, Twain published a second piece of travel literature, Roughing It, as a semi-sequel to Innocents. Roughing It is a semi-autobiographical account of Twain's journey to Nevada and his subsequent life in the American West. The book lampoons American and Western society in the same way that Innocents critiqued the various countries of Europe and the Middle East. Twain's next work kept Roughing It's focus on American society but focused more on the events of the day. Entitled The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today, it was not a travel piece, as his previous two books had been, and it was his first attempt at writing a novel. The book is also notable because it is Twain's only collaboration; it was written with his neighbor Charles Dudley Warner.
Twain's next two works drew on his experiences on the Mississippi River. Old Times on the Mississippi, a series of sketches published in the Atlantic Monthly in 1875, featured Twain’s disillusionment with Romanticism. Old Times eventually became the starting point for Life on the Mississippi.
第4个回答 2012-09-09
吐温开始了他的职业生涯书写灯，幽默的诗句，但演变成一个编年史的虚荣，虚伪和残忍的人类行为。哈克贝利·费恩，他在职业生涯中期，结合丰富的幽默，坚固的叙事和社会的批评。吐温是一位大师，使口语和帮助建立和推广美国的主题和语言建立在一个独特的美国文学。吐温的作品有许多被压抑，有时因各种原因。“哈克贝利·芬历险记已多次在美国高中，而不是限制其频繁使用”黑鬼“这个词，在预内战时期的小说中，这是常见的用法。
另附：
一个完整的参考书目，他的作品几乎是不可能的，因为广大件吐温（通常在不起眼的报纸）和他的几个不同的笔名写的编译。此外，他的演讲和讲座的很大一部分已经丢失或没有写下来，因此，收集吐温的作品是一个持续的过程。研究人员在1995年重新发现吐温最近公布的材料[32]。
早期的新闻和游记
客舱中，吐温写的卡拉韦拉斯跳蛙，位于Tuolumne县公驴山。[47]历史标志和内部视图available.Twain的第一个重要的工作，“卡拉维拉斯县的著名跳蛙”，首次在纽约发布1865年11月18日星期六新闻。发表的唯一原因是他的故事来得太晚了，包括在一本书Artemus病区编译具有美国西部的野生草图。
经过这一阵流行，马克·吐温的萨克拉门托联盟委托写信刊登在报纸上关于他的旅游经历，他的第一次是坐蒸笼Ajax在其处女航到夏威夷的时候，简称为南桑威奇群岛。这些幽默的信件证明的起源旧金山阿尔塔加利福尼亚州的报纸，指定他通过巴拿马地峡之旅，从旧金山到纽约市的一个旅游记者与他的工作。在这期间，马克·吐温出版来回写信的意思，记载着他的经验，他的滑稽表演幽默。1867年6月8日，马克·吐温的快感巡洋舰Quaker市启航五个月。此行导致了清白的国外新的朝圣者的进展。
本书是一本记录的游乐之旅。如果它是一个严肃的科学考察的记录有关于它的严重性，深刻，令人印象深刻难以理解的那种，所以适当的工程，双目清秀如此大的吸引力。然而，尽管它只是一个野餐的记录，它有一个目的，那就是，建议读者如何，他很可能会看到欧洲和东方的，如果他看着自己的眼睛，而不是在他们的眼中，在这些国家旅行在他面前。我做幌子，显示任何其他书籍，他应该如何在大洋彼岸，寻找感兴趣的对象 - 做到这一点，因此，即使我有能力做到这一点，有没有这个必要。
1872年，马克·吐温出版的第二件旅游文学，粗加工，半续集到无辜者。粗加工吐温的旅程，在美国西部的内华达州和他后来的生活，这是一个半自传。这本书讽刺美国和西方社会以同样的方式，清白的批判欧洲和中东各国。·吐温的接下来的工作中保持对美国社会的粗加工它的重点，但更侧重于事件的一天。“镀金时代：今天的故事，它不是一个旅游片，作为他的前两本书，这是他第一次尝试写小说。这本书是显着的，因为它是吐温的唯一的合作，它被写了与他的邻居查尔斯·达德利华纳。
吐温的两件作品吸引了他的经验在密西西比河上。在密西西比河上，于1875年在“大西洋月刊”发表了一系列的草图，旧时代特色吐温的幻灭与浪漫主义。旧时代，最终成为了生活在密西西比的起点。