ç³ä»£è°¢éå¾ãã1)ç³çæ æ°§é
µè§£éå¾(ç³é
µè§£éå¾)ï¼æ¯å¨æ æ°§æ
åµä¸ï¼è¡èç³å解çæä¹³é
¸çè¿ç¨ãå®æ¯ä½å
ç³ä»£è°¢æ主è¦çéå¾ãããç³é
µè§£éå¾å
æ¬ä¸ä¸ªé¶æ®µï¼ãã第ä¸é¶æ®µï¼å¼åé¶æ®µãè¡èç³ç磷é
¸åãå¼æåï¼â è¡èç³ç£·é
¸åæ为è¡èç³-6磷é
¸ï¼ç±å·±ç³æ¿é
¶å¬åã为ä¸å¯éç磷é
¸åååºï¼é
µè§£è¿ç¨å
³é®æ¥éª¤ä¹ä¸æ¯è¡èç³è¿å
¥ä»»ä½ä»£è°¢éå¾çèµ·å§ååºï¼æ¶è1ååATP;â¡è¡èç³-6-磷é
¸è½¬å为æç³-6-磷é
¸ï¼ç£·é
¸å·±ç³å¼æé
¶å¬å;â¢æç³-6-磷é
¸ç£·é
¸åï¼è½¬å为1ï¼6-æç³äºç£·é
¸ï¼ç±6磷é
¸æç³æ¿é
¶å¬åï¼æ¶è1ååATPï¼æ¯ç¬¬äºä¸ªä¸å¯éç磷é
¸åååºï¼é
µè§£è¿ç¨å
³é®æ¥éª¤ä¹äºï¼æ¯è¡èç³æ°§åè¿ç¨ä¸æéè¦çè°èç¹ããã第äºé¶æ®µï¼è£è§£é¶æ®µã1ï¼6-æç³äºç£·é
¸æåå解æ2åå磷é
¸ä¸ç³(磷é
¸äºç¾ä¸é
®å3-磷é
¸çæ²¹é)ï¼é缩é
¶å¬åï¼äºè
å¯äºåï¼æç»1ååè¡èç³è½¬å为2åå3-磷é
¸çæ²¹éããã第ä¸é¶æ®µï¼æ°§åè¿åé¶æ®µãè½éçéæ¾åä¿çï¼â 3-磷é
¸çæ²¹éçæ°§ååNAD+çè¿åï¼ç±3-磷é
¸çæ²¹éè±æ°¢é
¶å¬åï¼çæ1ï¼3-äºç£·é
¸çæ²¹é
¸ï¼äº§çä¸ä¸ªé«è½ç£·é
¸é®ï¼åæ¶çæNADHç¨äºç¬¬ä¸æ¥ä¸é
®é
¸çè¿å;â¡1ï¼3-äºç£·é
¸çæ²¹é
¸çæ°§ååADPç磷é
¸åï¼çæ3-磷é
¸çæ²¹é
¸åATP.磷é
¸çæ²¹é
¸æ¿é
¶å¬å;â¢3-磷é
¸çæ²¹é
¸è½¬å为2-磷é
¸çæ²¹é
¸ï¼â£2-磷é
¸çæ²¹é
¸ç»ç¯éåé
¶å¬åè±æ°´ï¼éè¿ååéæï¼çæå
·æä¸ä¸ªé«è½ç£·é
¸é®ç磷é
¸ç¯éå¼ä¸é
®é
¸;â¤ç£·é
¸ç¯éå¼ä¸é
®é
¸ç»ä¸é
®é
¸æ¿é
¶å¬åå°é«è½ç£·é
¸é®è½¬ç§»ç»ADPï¼çæç¯éå¼ä¸é
®é
¸åATPï¼ä¸ºä¸å¯éååºï¼é
µè§£è¿ç¨å
³é®æ¥éª¤ä¹ä¸;â¥ç¯éå¼ä¸é
®é
¸ä¸é
®å¼ä¸é
®é
¸çäºå;â¦ä¸é
®é
¸è¿åçæä¹³é
¸ãããä¸ååçè¡èç³éè¿æ æ°§é
µè§£å¯åçæ2个ååä¸ç£·é
¸è
ºè·(ATP)ï¼è¿ä¸è¿ç¨å
¨é¨å¨èæµä¸å®æãççæä¹:â æ¯æºä½å¨ç¼ºæ°§ææ æ°§ç¶æè·å¾è½éçæææªæ½;â¡æºä½å¨åºæ¿ç¶æä¸äº§çè½éï¼æ»¡è¶³æºä½ççéè¦çéè¦éå¾;â¢ç³é
µè§£çæäºä¸é´äº§ç©æ¯èç±»ãæ°¨åºé
¸ççåæåä½ï¼å¹¶ä¸å
¶ä»ä»£è°¢éå¾ç¸èç³»ã ç³çæ氧氧åéå¾å¯å为两个é¶æ®µãã第ä¸é¶æ®µï¼è液ååºé¶æ®µï¼ç³é
µè§£äº§ç©NADHä¸ç¨äºè¿åä¸é
®é
¸çæä¹³é
¸ï¼äºè
è¿å
¥çº¿ç²ä½æ°§åããã第äºé¶æ®µï¼çº¿ç²ä½ä¸çååºé¶æ®µï¼â ä¸é
®é
¸ç»ä¸é
®é
¸è±æ°¢é
¶å¤åä½æ°§åè±ç¾§çæä¹é
°CoAï¼æ¯å
³é®æ§çä¸å¯éååºãå
¶ç¹å¾æ¯ä¸é
®é
¸æ°§åéæ¾çè½é以é«è½ç¡«é
¯é®çå½¢å¼å¨åäºä¹é
°CoAä¸ï¼è¿æ¯è¿å
¥ä¸ç¾§é
¸å¾ªç¯çå¼ç«¯;â¡ä¸ç¾§é
¸å¾ªç¯åæ°§å磷é
¸åãä¸ç¾§é
¸å¾ªç¯æ¯å¨çº¿ç²ä½å
è¿è¡çä¸ç³»åé
¶ä¿è¿ç»ååºï¼ä»ä¹é
°CoAåèé
°ä¹é
¸ç¼©åææ 檬é
¸å°èé
°ä¹é
¸çåçï¼ææä¸æ¬¡å¾ªç¯è¿ç¨ï¼å
¶é´å
±è¿è¡å次è±æ°¢æ°§å产ç2ååCO2ï¼è±ä¸ç4对氢ï¼ç»æ°§å磷é
¸åçæH20åATP.ä¸ç¾§é
¸å¾ªç¯çç¹ç¹æ¯ï¼â ä»æ 檬é
¸çåæå°Î±-é
®æäºé
¸çæ°§åé¶æ®µä¸ºä¸å¯éååºï¼æ
æ´ä¸ªå¾ªç¯æ¯ä¸å¯éç;â¡å¨å¾ªç¯è½¬è¿æ¶ï¼å
¶ä¸æ¯ä¸æåæ¢æ åå解ï¼ä¹æ ååæãä½å¦ç§»å»æå¢å æä¸æåï¼åå°å½±å循ç¯é度;â¢ä¸ç¾§é
¸å¾ªç¯æ°§åä¹é
°CoAçæçåå³äºèé
°ä¹é
¸çæµåº¦;â£æ¯æ¬¡å¾ªç¯æ产ççNADHåFADH2é½å¯éè¿ä¸ä¹å¯åèç³»çå¼å¸é¾è¿è¡æ°§å磷é
¸å以产çATP;â¤è¯¥å¾ªç¯çééæ¥éª¤æ¯å¼æ 檬é
¸è±æ°¢é
¶å¬åçååºï¼è¯¥é
¶æ¯åæé
¶ï¼ADPæ¯å
¶æ¿æ´»åï¼ATPåNADHæ¯å
¶æå¶åãä¸å
ååè¡èç³å½»åºæ°§åå产ç36-38å
ååATPï¼èä»ç³åååä¸è±ä¸æ¥çä¸å
ååè¡èç³å¯äº§ç37-39å
ååATPã
ãã6. ççæä¹ï¼
ããï¼1ï¼æ¯å¨ççæ
åµä¸ï¼æºä½è·å¾è½éç主è¦éå¾ã
ããï¼2ï¼æ¯ç³ãèãèç½è´¨å¨ç»èå
æ°§åä¾è½åç¸äºè½¬åçå
±åéè·¯ï¼ç¹å«æ¯ä¸ç¾§é
¸å¾ªç¯ã
ï¼ä¸ï¼ç£·é
¸æç³éå¾
ãããèµ·å§ç©è´¨æ¯G6Pï¼ä¸é´äº§ç©ä¸ºç£·é
¸æç³åNADPH + H+ã
ãããååºè¿ç¨ï¼
ããã5-磷é
¸æ ¸ç³
ãããG6Pè±æ°¨é
¶ 6-磷é
¸è¡èç³è±æ°¢é
¶
ãããG6P ââââââââââ 6-磷é
¸è¡èç³é
¸âââââââââââ5-磷é
¸æ ¸é
®ç³
ãããNADP+âNADPH+H+ NADP+âNADPH+H+
ããã5-磷é
¸æ¨é
®é
¸
ãããå
¶ä¸çå
³é®é
¶æ¯G6Pè±æ°¢é
¶ï¼å
¨è¿ç¨å¨ç»èæµä¸è¿è¡ã
ãããæ¤éå¾ç主è¦ççæä¹ï¼æ¯æä¾çç©åææéçä¸äºåæï¼
ãããå
æ¬ï¼
ããã1. æä¾ç£·é
¸æ ¸ç³ï¼ä½ä¸ºæ ¸è·é
¸ãæ ¸é
¸åæçåæã
ããã2. æä¾NADPHï¼å
¶ä½ç¨æï¼
ããããã1ï¼ç©è´¨åææ¶ä½ä¸ºä¾æ°¢ä½ï¼å¦èèªé
¸ãç±»åºéççç©åææ¶åéNADPHãæ以å¨èèªç»ç»ãèãä¹³ããããããè
ºãè¾ä¸è
ºç®è´¨çç»ç»ä¸ï¼æ¤ä»£è°¢è¿ç¨æºçï¼
ããããã2ï¼NADPHæ¯GSHè¿åé
¶çè¾
é
¶ï¼å¯¹ç»´æ红ç»èèçå®æ´æ§ç¹å«éè¦ã
ããããã3ï¼æ¯å åæ°§é
¶ä½ç³»çä¾æ°¢ä½ï¼ä¸èèççç©è½¬åæå
³ã
ç³ååæ
ãããç³ååææ¯ä¸ä¸ªèè½çè¿ç¨ï¼è´®åä¸ååGï¼éæ¶èäºä¸ªé«è½é®ï¼å
¶ä¸â个ç±ATPä¾ç»ï¼ä¸ä¸ªç±UTPä¾ç»ï¼ãUDPGæ¯ç³ååææ¶Gçæ´»æ§ä¾ä½å½¢å¼ãç³ååæçå
³é®é
¶æ¯ç³ååæé
¶ï¼å®ç±ä¸¤ç§å½¢å¼åå¨ï¼å³ç£·é
¸åçéæ´»ãæ§åç³ååæé
¶Dï¼åè±ç£·é
¸å½¢æçæ´»æ§åç³ååæé
¶Iï¼ä¸¤è
ä¹é´ç转ååå¦ä¸ç»é
¶å¬åï¼
ãããATP èç½æ¿é
¶A ADP
ãããç³ååæé
¶I ââââââââââââââââ ç³ååæé
¶D
ãï¼è±ç£·é
¸;ææ´»æ§ï¼ Pi ç³ååæé
¶ç£·é
¸é
¶ ï¼ç£·é
¸å;æ æ´»æ§ï¼
ï¼äºï¼ç³åå解
ãããç³åå解çå
³é®é
¶æ¯ç£·é
¸åé
¶ï¼å®äº¦åå¨ä¸¤ç§å½¢å¼ï¼ç£·é
¸åé
¶Î±ä¸ºç£·é
¸åå½¢å¼ï¼ææ´»æ§ï¼ç±ç£·é
¸åé
¶bæ¿ãé
¶å¬åçæï¼ç£·é
¸åé
¶b为è±ç£·é
¸çéæ´»æ§å½¢å¼ï¼ä¸¤è
转å为ï¼
ãã2H2O 磷é
¸åé
¶a磷é
¸é
¶ 2Pi
ãã磷é
¸åé
¶a âââââââââ-âââââââââââ 磷é
¸åé
¶b
ããï¼ç£·é
¸å;ææ´»æ§ï¼ 2ADP 磷é
¸åé
¶bæ¿é
¶ 2ATP ï¼è±ç£·é
¸;æ æ´»æ§ï¼
ãç³åå解è¿ç¨ä¸çè¡èç³6磷é
¸é
¶äº¦æ¯å
³é®é
¶ï¼åªåå¨äºèèï¼æ以èç³åå解å¯è°èè¡ç³æµåº¦ï¼èèç»ç»ç¼ºãå°æ¤é
¶ãæ以èç³åä¸è½ç´æ¥å解æè¡èç³è°èè¡ç³æµåº¦ã
ï¼ä¸ï¼ç³çå¼çä½ç¨
ãã1. å®ä¹ï¼ç±éç³ç©è´¨è½¬å为è¡èç³æç³åçè¿ç¨ç§°ä¸ºç³çå¼çä½ç¨ãè½è½¬åæç³çéç©è´¨ç³ä¸»è¦æçæ²¹ãããä¹³é
¸ãä¸é
®é
¸åä¸ç¾§é
¸å¾ªç¯ä¸çåç§ç©è´¨åçç³æ°¨åºé
¸ãçç³å
¼çé
®æ°¨åºé
¸çã
ãã2. å¼çå¨å®ï¼èè为主ï¼è¾ç®è´¨ä¸äº¦æå¼çä½ç¨ã
ãã3. å¼ççååºè¿ç¨ï¼åºæ¬ä¸æ¯ç³é
µè§£çéè¿ç¨ãä½é
µè§£ä¸ç±ä¸ä¸ªå
³é®å¬åçååååºï¼å¿
éç±å¦å¤çé
¶å¬ããåãå®ä»¬å¯¹åºçå
³ç³»ä¸ºï¼
ããã1ï¼ä¸å·²ç³æ¿é
¶å¯¹åºçç³å¼çé
¶ä¸ºè¡èç³-6-磷é
¸é
¶ã主è¦åå¨äºèãè¾ã
ããããATP è¡èç³æ¿é
¶ ADP
ããããè¡èç³ ââââââââââââââââââââ 磷é
¸è¡èç³
ããããPi è¡èç³-6-磷é
¸é
¶ H2O
ããã2ï¼ä¸ç£·é
¸æç³æ¿é
¶-1对åºçæ¯æç³1,6äºç£·é
¸é
¶ã
ããããATP 磷é
¸æç³æ¿é
¶-1 ADP
ãããã6-磷é
¸æç³ âââââââââââââââââ 1,6-äºç£·é
¸æç³
ããããPi æç³1,6äºç£·é
¸é
¶ H2O
ãããä¸ä¸é
®é
¸æ¿é
¶å¯¹åºçæäºä¸ªé
¶å³ä¸é
®é
¸ç¾§åé
¶å磷é
¸ç¨éå¼ä¸é
®é
¸ç¾§æ¿é
¶ï¼å®ä»¬å¬åä¸é
®é
¸éå转åã为磷é
¸ç¨éå¼ä¸é
®é
¸ãæ¤è¿ç¨ç§°ä¸é
®é
¸ç¾§åæ¯è·¯ã
ããã以çæ²¹åä¹³é
¸ä¸ºä¾ï¼è¯´æç³çå¼çä½ç¨ã
ãã4. ç³å¼ççççæä¹ï¼
ãããç³å¼çç主è¦ççæä¹æ¯å¨ä½å
ç³æ¥æºä¸è¶³æ
åµä¸å©ç¨éç³ç©è´¨è½¬å为ç³ï¼ç»´æè¡ç³æµåº¦çæå®ãä¹æãå©äºä¹³é
¸çè¿ä¸æ¥å©ç¨ã
温馨提示:答案为网友推荐,仅供参考