英语中的独立结构有哪几种形式？怎么用？

Question

解释清楚点，谢谢大家

Answer 1

不知道你说的是不是英语当中的独立主格结构 如果是的话 那么就应该是下面的情况 下面是我上高中的时候自己总结的笔记 绝对原创

英语中有一种短语结构，在逻辑上他们是主语（n. pron）和谓语（分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、数词）上的关系，而没有语法意义上的主语和谓语，这种结构叫做独立主格结构。这种结构在句子当中经常起状语的作用，间或作定语。有些可以转换成状语从句，表示原因、时间、方式、条件、伴随等情况。有时前面可以加介词with构成with符合短语。
构成：n./pron+ doing/ done /to do /adj /adv/prep phrase/n./num.
特点：无谓语动词，但前面的n.或pron.与后面的各种短语有逻辑上的主谓关系。
应用：多用于书面语，在描绘性文字中有时用到它来使描绘更生动。

常见类型：
1）n./pron. + 分词 e.g. Spring coming on, the fields turn green. Mother being ill, she had to stay at home. They set out up the mountain, ropes tied to their backs.
2)名词、代词+不定式 e.g. She was left alone, with no one to look after her.
3)名词、代词+形容词 e.g. He entered the room, his nose red with cold. The man looked at the picture, with his mouth open.
4)名词、代词+副词 e.g. He put on his socks, wrong side out. The meeting over, everyone went home. With her mother away from home, she felt lonely.
5)名词、代词+介词短语 e.g. She stood under a tree, hands in her pockets. The girl entered the room, with an apple in her hand.
6)名词、代词+名词 e.g. In the north is Scotland, with its capital Edinburgh.
7)名词、代词+数词 e.g. She has two sons, one six, the other seventeen.
注：无with无须接相应的冠词和人称代词，有with时，需要将相应的冠词和人称代词还原。
e.g. The dog is walking on the bridge, with a piece of meat in its mouth.
The dog is walking on the bridge, with meat in mouth.
位置：
1、表示时间、原因、条件的状语多放在句首，有时可插在句中，可以用相应的状语从句来替代。
e.g. The work done, we felt relieved. (Since the work has been done, we felt relieved.)
They being our friends, we should help them. Weather permitting, we will go there.
2、表示方式、伴随情况的状语放在句尾，有时可以用并列句代替。
e.g. He was deep in silence, his mind working.(方式)
He went to the front door, his sons following him. (伴随)

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