怎么判断是被动语态还是主动语态

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者.首先要看主语，如果主语是物，再看动词，如果动作是物发出的，那它就用主动语态了。
如果主语是物，而动作是人发出的，那就用被动语态了。
如：
Many people speak English．（主动语态）
English is spoken by many people．（被动语态）
1．被动语态的构成
由于不及物动词不能带宾语,故无被动语态,只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语才有被动语态,其基本构成方式是“助动词be＋过去分词”.
注意：“be＋过去分词”结构不一定都是被动语态,有些动词（如 be,feel,look,seem等）后面的过去分词已转化为形容词,用作表语表示状态.如：
My bike is broken．（我的自行车坏了.）
The door is open．（门开了.）
2．主动语态改被动语态的方法
1）将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面：①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be＋过去分词”结构；③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语,放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）.
2）含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况：①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语,直接宾语仍保留原位；②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语,此时,间接宾语前要加介词to或 for.如：
He gave the boy an apple．→The boy was given an apple．（或An apple was given to the boy．）
Her father bought her a present．→She was bought a present by her father．（或A present was bought for her by her father．）
3）不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态,改为被动语态时不定式前要加to.如：
They watched the children sing that morning．→The children were watched to sing that morning．
4）带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时,一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语,宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语.如：
We call him Xiao Wang．→He is called Xiao Wang．
He cut his hair short．→His hair was cut short．
They told him to help me．→He was told to help me．
5）短语动词是不可分割的整体,改为被动语态时要保持其完整性,介词或副词不可遗漏.如：
We must take good care of the young trees．→The young trees must be taken good care of．
6）含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时,通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语,从句放在句子后面；也可采用另一种形式.可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know,say,believe,find,think,report等.如：
People believe that he is ill．→It is believed that he is ill．（或：He is believed to be ill．）