一.one和ones都用于泛指,ones是one的复数形式,二者都用来避免重复。有时二者前有冠词和形容词。不定冠词a和an表示数量“一”,a/an…one仍表示泛指。One用来代替前面提到的可数名词单数或a/an + adj +可数名词单数,ones用来代替前面提到的可数名词复数。二者前有定冠词the时,均表示泛指,且the one,the ones后面常有定语修饰,他们和前面提到的名词是同类异物的关系。
1.I lost my pen yesterday. I will buy one.(one 代a pen)
2.Your question is a difficult one.(one代question)
3.I do not like green apples. I like red ones.(one 代apples)
4.The film is not so good as the one I saw yesterday.(one 代film,后有从句I saw yesterday修饰)
5.The knife and fork that one closest to your plate one a little bit bigger than the ones beside them.(ones代 pairs of knifes and forks,后有介词短语beside them修饰)
二.that代替前面提到的“the+不可数名词”也可代替前面提到的“the+可数名词单数”(“the+可数名词单数”用the one来代替更为常见)。that和 the one表示特指,后面常有定语修饰,他们和前面提到的名词是同类异物关系。That还可用作主语代前面整个句子内容。
1.The weather in Beijing is as good as that in Tianjin.(that代 the weather,后有介词短语in Tianjin修饰)
2.The book is not so interesting as that/the one I bought last week.(that/the one代 the book,后有从句 I bought last week修饰)
3.I had a bad cold. That is why I did not come.(that代 I had a bad cold)
三.it
1. 代替前面出现的单数可数名词,指同一物,即原物。
I lost my pen last week but I found it yesterday.(it 代my pen)
2. 指代上文做某动作的人,可指代名词的单数和复数。
——Who is knocking at the door?
——It is me.(it代 the person who is knocking at the door)
3. 代前面提到的某个事情、某种情况、某个动作以避免重复,可以代动词不定式短语、名词短语和形容词等。
1) She saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her. She was so surprised that she could not move. She wanted to watch it.(it 代a wall of water)
2) She is very stubborn though she does not look it.(it代形容词 stubborn)
3) You can come to visit us any time you feel like it.(it代 come to visit us)
4. 在have (声称),take(认为),hate(讨厌),hide(隐瞒),appreciate(感激)和depend on等后作形式宾语,代后面的宾语从句或不定式短语。
1).I hate it in summer when it is hot.
2)I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with my English.
3)They will have it that they are correct.
4)You may depend on it that they will support you.
5)Could you tell me whose job you made it to keep the gate?
(it 代to keep the gate)
5. 常用作宾语,代替前面整个句子内容。
1) Our team won the football match. Have you heard about it?
2) They say he has left town,but I do not believe it.
四.those代前面出现的可数名词复数,避免重复,且表示特指,后有定语修饰,可与the ones 通用。
The houses of the rich are generally larger than/those/the ones of the poor.
配套练习题:
1.——He was nearly drowned once.
——When was-………?
——………..was in 1998 when he was in middle school. (2002春招)
A. that;It B. this;This C. this;It D. that;This
2.The Parkers bought a new house but………will need a lot of work before they moved in.(NMET 2001)
A. they B . it C. one D which
3.Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,……….I will always treasure.(NMET2002)
A. that B. one C. it D. what
4.——Why do not we take a little break?
——Did not we just have………..?(NMET2000)
A. it B that C. one D. this
5.Few pleasure can equal…………of a cold drink on a hot day.(NMET1999)
A. some B. any C. that D. those
6.I hope there are enough glasses for each quest to have………..
A it B .those C. them D. one
7.I hate……….when people talk with their mouths full.(NMET1998)
A. it B. that C .these D. them
8.——Are you satisfied with her answer?
——Not at all. It could not be……….
A. a worse one B. a better one C. the worse one D. the better one
9.-Do you like _ here?
-Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.(NMET2004)
A. this B. these C. that D. it
10.How do you find………to learn English?
A. that B. this C. / D. it
11.Jake passed all his examinations;……….pleased his parents.
A. who B. it C. which D. all of them
12.The shirt is too small, I am afraid. Would you please show me……..one?
A. bigger B. the bigger C. a bigger D. a biggest
13.——Did you find your pen just now?
——No,I did not find…….,but I have bought……..
A. one ;it B it; one C. it; that D it; it
14.——Who are singing ?
——……. the children .
A .That’s B. This is C. It’s D. You are
15. Our teacher had told him again and again not to read such books, but _ didn’t help .
A. he B. they C. she D .it
16.The articles made of leather cost much more than ……..made of plastic.
A. that B. those C. it D. ones
17. I was disappointed with the film. I had expected……….to be much better.
A. that B .this C. one D. it
18. Is this problem……..the teacher explained last weak?
A . the one B. one C. which D. that
19. No bread eaten by the man is so sweat as ……..earned by his own labour.
A. one B. that C. what D. those
20.We will go for a walk if you feel like………..
A. that B. the one C. it D. those
21. We would much appreciate………if you could do us the favour.
A. that B. you C. yourself D. it
22.Do not start a book unless you can see from the first pages that it is…….you can easily read and understand.
A. that B. one C. the one D. a one
23.Mr. Smith gave the tickets for tomorrows concert to all the workers except……..who had already taken them.
A. the others B. ones C. some D. the ones
24.Now that the new desks have been bought,………will you do with these old………?
A. how; ones B. what; those C. how; those D. what; ones
25.I like…….in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
A. this B. that C. one D. it
26----Do you have my pen, Mary?
----Yes, I have _____right here.
.A. one B. it C. this D. that
27.A bridge made of stone is much stronger than ______ made of wood.
A. one B. that C. it D. the one
28.----I should like to have a try.
-----You will find ________quite interesting.
A. one B. it C. the one D. which
29.We have no time to do the job. _______is our trouble.
A. Which B. It C. That D. The one
30. -----Mary went to college last year.
-----I have never heard of _________.
A. it B. her C. which D. the one
(1.A2.B3.B4.C5.C6.D7.A8.A9D10.D11.B12.C13.B14C15.D16.B17.D18.A19.B20.C21.D22
参考资料:http://blog.niwota.com/a/1357611.htm