by now有两种含义：到如今、到目前为止
发音：英 [baɪ naʊ] 美 [baɪ naʊ]
1、表示“到如今”
例：What money I could have invested by now!
到如今我已经投资不少了！
例：By now Daniel had been away from Jerusalem for many years.
到如今，但以理已经被带离耶路撒冷很多年了。
2、表示“到目前为止”
例：We were by now under no misapprehension about the extent of the problem.
到目前为止，我们对问题的严重程度的理解并无偏差。
例：They have learned eight units by now.
到目前为止他们已经学了八个单元。
3、The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma.
译：专家们现在完全确信这只动物是美洲狮。
句中now含义：现在
4、After acrossing the Equator ,the caption called in at a port
to have a now rudder fitted. but by now the Thermopylae was over fivehundred miles ahead .
译：跨越赤道后,船长将船停靠在一个港口,在那儿换了一只舵.但此时,“赛姆皮雷”号早已在500英里之遥了.
此句中，“by now”意为：到目前为止
扩展资料：
Now的用法
用于完成时使用时Now= up to now / so far,可表目前。可在表达中使用Now来表示一个从过去持续到现在的时间。
1、例句：到现在他们已经结婚30年了。
They've been married for 30 years now.
2、例句：到目前他们已经去过了50个国家。
They have been to 50 countries now.（已经去过：have been to ）
3、例句：到目前他们行驶了10万公里。
They have travelled over 100 thousand kilometers now（so far）