英语 with的复合结构

Question

讲解

Answer 1

望采纳

With复合结构

with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述，以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。 一、 with结构的构成 它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下： 1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词； 例句：He is used to sleeping with the windows open. 2. with或without-名词/代词+副词； 例句：She left the room with all the lights on. 3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语； 例句：He walked into the dark street with a stick in his hand. 4. with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式； 例句：With so much work to do, I have no time for a holiday. 5. with或without-名词/代词 +分词。 例句：We found the house easily with the little boy leading the way.(现在分词表示主动动作，即分词所表示的动作是由with后的宾语发出来的) With all the things she needed bought, she went home happily.(过去分词表示被动，with后面的宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系) 6. without+名词/代词+补语 例句：Possibly this person died withont anyone knowing where the coins were hidden. He wondered if he could slide out of the lecture hall without anyone noticing (him). with the winter is coming 二. with复合结构的句法功能 1. with 复合结构，在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常做伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。 例句：With machinery to do all the work, they will soon have got in the crops. 由于所有的工作都是由机器进行，他们将很快收完庄稼。（原因状语） The boy always sleeps with his head on the arm. 这个孩子总是头枕着胳膊睡觉。（伴随状语） The soldier had him stand with his back to his father. 士兵要他背对着他父亲站着。（方式状语） With spring coming on, trees turn green. 春天到了，树变绿了。（时间状语） 2. with 复合结构可以作定语 Anyone with its eyes in his head can see it’s exactly like a rope. 任何一个头上长着眼睛的人都能看出它完全像一条绳子。

Answer 2

■“with+复合宾语结构”按其构成可分为———

1、with+宾语+介词短语

1).English lessons are broadcast every day on the radio with explanations in English and other languages.广播电台每天播放英语课程，并用英语或其他语言进行解说。

2).BBC English broadcasts programmes for China with explanations in Chinese.英语对中国广播的节目是用汉语进行解释的。

2、with+宾语+现在分词

1).The Yangtze River is very busy with so many boats and ships coming and going every day.每天长江上各种船只来来往往显得格外忙碌。

2).The young woman，with a baby sleeping in her arms，was wandering in the street.那位年轻妇女，怀抱一个熟睡的婴儿，漫步在大街上。

3、with+宾语+过去分词

1).The boy was crying with the toy broken.玩具破了，那男孩在哭。

2).You should go to sleep with the light turned off.你应该把灯熄了再睡。

4、with+宾语+动词不定式

1).With so many essays to write，he won’t have time to go shopping this morning.他有那么多文章要写，今天没有时间去买东西。

2).With the dictionary to help him，he tried to finish reading the story-book.借助词典，他试着把这本书读完。

5、with+宾语+形容词

1).With the door open，the noise of the machine is almost deafening.由于门开着，机器的噪音几乎震耳欲聋。

2).With the floor wet，I had to stay outside.由于地板潮湿，我只得呆在屋外。

6、with+宾语+副词

1).With her sister out，she had to stay at home alone.因为她的姐姐出去了，她只得独自呆在家里。

2).The little boy sat in front of the house，with his shoes off.这个小男孩站在房子前面，他把鞋子给脱了。

■“with+复合宾语结构”按其用法可分为———

1、作状语

表示行为方式或伴随、表示时间、表示原因、表示条件、表示补充说明等。

例句：

With the meeting over，we left the meeting-room.会议结束后，我们离开了会议室。

With the teacher ill，we have to study by ourselves.由于老师生病了，我们不得不自学。

With time permitting，we will visit the summer Palace.如果时间许可的话，我们将参观颐和园。

He entered the room with his nose red with cold.他进屋来了，鼻子都冻红了。

2、作定语

1).The woman with a baby in her arms is Li Ping’s mother.抱小孩的那个妇女是李平的母亲。

2).The southern part of the island is a separate country，called the Republic Ireland with Dublin as its capital.该岛南部则是另外一个国家，叫做爱尔兰共和国，首都是都柏林。

3、作主语补足语和宾语补足语

1).The next morning the lake was found with a thin sheet of ice on.第二天早上，人们发现湖面上结了一层冰。

2).She saw a book with red flowers and green grass on boss sides.她看见一条小溪，两岸长满红花绿草。

要注意的是，在with的复合结构中，with大都无含义，译成汉语时往往省略。但如果是without复合结构，就一定译出来，因为without有否定意义。如：

1).Possibly this person died without anyone knowing where the coins were hidden.可能这个人去世后，无人知道这批硬币藏于何处。

2).Without anyone to talk to the whole afternoon，he felt very lonel.整个下午他没有人可以交谈，他感到很寂寞。

Answer 3

with+宾语+宾补
有这些词和短语可以做宾补：1、形容词 2、副词 3、介词短语 4、现在分词 5过去分词 6、不定式
with the window closed(closed为形容词)
with the light on
with a book in her hand
with a cat lying in her arms
with the problem solved
with the new term to begin本回答被提问者采纳

Answer 4

首先你要了解，With
+宾语+宾补结构中宾语和宾补是逻辑主谓的关系。那么第5题很好理解，简单的措施被采取的关系，措施已经被采取了。被动。但是，第20题，我读书，书还没有读，书被读，很显然，被动，但是因为这是对将来的陈述，所以需要用“不定式的主动表被动”形式，这种形式很常见，比如I
have
so
many
assignments
to
do
等等。

Answer 5

WITH STH DOING 动词主动
WITH STH DONE 动词被动
WITH STH TO DO 动词表要做
WITH STH+副词
WITH STH+形容词
WITH STH+介词短语