中考即将来临,小编为你全力奉献中考复习系列,希望对您有所帮助。今天进行句型转换串讲。
句型转换基础知识
分为:近形变换和同意转换两种。
一.陈述句改否定句
实质:借助一定的词,结构把句子变成否定含义的句子。
类型:(一)加not。
1,句子中有联系动词be或情态动词can ,may ,must或助动词will,have,had(无义)等词的,应在其后加not.
*句中有some , already的,将其变为any, yet
如:There aresomepeople in the garden.
---There are not(或aren’t)anypeople in the garden.
We havealreadylearned English for three years.
---We have not (或haven’t)learnedEnglish for three years yet.
*already变否定用yet,同时一般放句后。
注意have是助动词,还是实义动词。如果是实义动词,要用助动词do的否定式。
例:She hassupper at six in the evening.
---She does nothavesupper at six in the evening.
2,句子中的谓语动词为实义动词时,则在动词前加don’t(doesn’t, didn’t),原来的动词恢复原形(分词除外)。这类句子经常考的谓语动词是have和do。
应掌握以下技巧:
如:She does (did) her homework everyday(yesterday).
----She doesn’t( didn’t)doher homework everyday (yesterday).
注意:在上句中,原谓语动词(即,实意动词does)前加否定助动词doesn’t, 原谓语动词does 变为原形do
She has (had)a meeting today (yesterday).
----She doesn’t (didn’t)havea meeting today (yesterday).
注意:这里的has或had 要变为原形have
3,had better句型是考试的重点内容之一。它常与主语缩写,如you’d ,这种缩写只要看后面有没有better, 即为had, 切忌误认为would
had better句型意思为“最好-----, 还是----好”,常有告诫、劝告、催促之意,其后接不带to 的不定式,即动词原形。它的否定形式, 一定要把not放在better后面。
*had better +动词原形------(肯定式)
had betternot+动词原形-----(否定式)
如:You’d better catch a bus.你最好赶得上车子(赶快啊!)
You’d better nottake these seats.你还是不要做这些位置(座位)
此句型的反义疑问句是:You’d better do it now,hadn’t you?
4,祈使句改否定句
在前面直接加Don’t,而不要管祈使句是以什么动词开始。
如:Look out of the window.
——Don’tlook out of the window.
考试中常出现以do, have, be开头的祈使句变为否定句。改写这样的句子,应在do (或have和be) 前加助动词don’t, 切忌在do (have, be) 后面直接加not
如:Doit after class.
——Don’tdoit after class.
5,复合句改否定句
1),复合句改否定句应掌握think、believe和feel这三个主句谓语动词后接宾语从句时整个句子的否定形式。这类句子改为否定句时,要对上述主句谓语动词进行否定,但否定意思转移到后面的宾语从句。
如:I thinkhe will go there tomorrow.
--- I don’tthinkhe will go there tomorrow.
汉语的意思是“我想他明天不会去那里”,千万不要译“我不想他明天去那里”。更不要把英语句子改成 I think hewon’t(*严重错误)go there tomorrow.大错特错。
二,用含否定意义的词(如never, nothing, nobody, none, neither, little, few等)。
(1)always / ever →never, and →or。如:
He was always late for school last term.
→He was never late for school last term.
(2)too→not…either, already→not…yet。如:
He goes to school by bike, too.
→He doesn’t go to school by bike, either.
(3)all→none, both→neither, both…and →neither…nor,此时,谓语动词仍用肯定形式,但当neither作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;“neither …nor…”连接两个主语时,谓语动词应和靠近它的主语保持一致。如:
He knows all of the workers here.
→He knows none of the workers here.
Both of the twins are from England.
→Neither of the twins is from England.
******I like it very much-------- He must be a student ---
三,名词前加no.
He has a cat(改为否定句)
He has no cat。
二,陈述句改写成一般疑问句
一般疑问句是疑问句的一种。它是指用yes(是)或no(否)来回答的句子。其结构是:系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他成分 通常回答为:肯定:Yes,+主语+提问的助动词.
否定:No,+主语+提问的助动词+not. 如: May I go home now﹖ Yes you may. / No you mustn't.注意:1.将陈述句变为一般疑问句时,如句中有be 动词(am/ is/ are)时,可直接将它们提至主语前。如主语为第一人称,应将其改为第二人称。如:I'm in Class 2Grade 1. → Are you in Class 2Grade 1﹖ We're watching TV. → Are you watching TV﹖ 2.陈述句中有情态动词(can may must …)时,也可直接将它们提至主语前,即可成为一般疑问句。如:He can swim now. → Can he swim now﹖ The children may come with us. → May the children come with us﹖ 3.陈述句中只有一个实义动词作谓语且其时态为一般现在时,变为一般疑问句时要在句首加do或does 主语后的实义动词用原形。如:I like these animals. → Do you like these animals﹖ She wants to go to the movies.→ Does she want to go to the movies﹖ 整体来说:
除遵循be、will、 情态动词(can、 may、 must)提前以及实义动词前加do (does, did) 以外,还要注意以下技巧:
1.陈述句有some, something的,应改为any, anything。
*但是,some与其它词构成的固定搭配不要变化,如:do some shopping/ cooking/ listening/ washing/ reading等。
2,陈述句主语为第三人称单数时,且谓语动词是has 或had(不表示“有”的含义,而属其它含义时),或者谓语动词是does或did(表示“做,干”的含义),则句前需要加助动词does (did) 构成一般疑问句,并且实义动词应变为原形have、do 或者其他动词原形。
三,划线部分提问
实质:把陈述句变为特殊疑问句。特殊疑问句由“疑问句+一般疑问句”构成。改写这种句子应把握两个关键,一是选准疑问词;二是将疑问词后的句子变成一般疑问句。
基础知识:以特殊疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句.常用的疑问词有:what 、who 、whose 、which 、when 、where 、how 、why等。可先分为3种:疑问代词:what(什么),who(谁,作主语),which(哪个,在一定范围内选择),whose(谁的,指附属关系),whom(谁,作宾语),疑问副词:when(何时,询问时间);where(何地,询问地点);why(为什么,询问原因);how(如何,询问手段,方式,工具以及程度);疑问形容词:what(which,whose)+名词语序:1.如疑问词作主语或主语的定语,即对主语或主语的定语提问,其语序是陈述句的语序: 特殊疑问句有两种语序: whose bike is broken﹖ 2.如疑问词作其他成分,即对其他成分提问,其语序是:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句【特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语What does she like?What class are you in﹖ How do you know﹖ 特殊疑问词 Who谁——Whose谁的(加se) Why为什么 When什么时候 Where在哪里 Which哪一个 What什么 ( What time什么时间 What colour什么颜色) How怎么样(How many多少{数量} How much多少钱{价格},多少(对不可数名词进行提问) How long多长 How often多少次 How big多大 How heavy多重{重量}How far多远{路程}
做题时:一是选准疑问词;二是将疑问词后的句子变成疑问句语序。
1. 对于时间划线用
when——(具体时间)
what time——(具体时间,如at 9:00)
how long——(一段时间,如since 2000, for two days)
how often——( 频率时间,如once a year)
how soon——( 将来时间,如in a month)。
2, 对于职业划线用what.
3, 对距离划线用how far,
对长度划线用how long。
4, 对数量划线用how many(后面跟可数名词复数),how much(后面可跟不可数名词,也可单独作句子成份)
对人口数量划线用what
对土地面积数量划线用what
对温度数量划线用what
对数字加减结果划线用what
5, 对日期提问:What’s the date today?
6,对颜色提问:What colour
7,对年龄提问:How old
8,对姓名提问:What’s your name?
9,对事物、事情提问:What
10,对班级提问:What class/Which class
11,对地点提问:Where
12,星期提问:What day is it today?
13,对方式提问:How
14,对原因提问:Why
15,提问天气:1,What's the weather like today? ,
2,How is the weather today?
16,提问观点:What are your comments about ...? What do you think about ...? What's your opion about ...? Do you have any idea about ...? How do you see ...? what do you think of/about....? how do you think .....?
17,提问长相:What is she like?What does she look like?what's his appearance?
四,改写成反意疑问句
反意疑问句由“陈述句+ 简略问句”构成,当陈述句为肯定句时,简略问句为否定形式,反之亦然。
关键抓住三点:
1)是简略问句的动词应与陈述句的动词相对应,并采用一般疑问句的助动词或情态动词的形式
2)是简略问句的主语一般用代词,不再重复陈述句的名词
3)是陈述句中如存在某些具有否定意义的词( hardly, few、little、seldom…等),简略问句应为肯定形式。这是改写反意疑问句的一般技巧。另外除需熟悉一般情况外,更应掌握特殊情况。
特殊情况:
简单句的附加简略问句
1)陈述句部分为there be结构,附加的简略问句为be (not) there?
例:There are notany people living here, is there?
绝不能因为any people为主语而用are they等。
2)陈述句为I am,附加的简略问句为aren’t I.
例:I’ m taller than you, aren’t I.
不能用am not I .这是特殊用法。
3)陈述句主语为everybody, everyone, somebody,someone,nobody,no one,none等时,附加简略问句的主语用be和they
例:Nobodywas looking for me, were they.
如果陈述句中有nobody, no one, none时,附加简略问句要用肯定形式。
4)陈述中的主语为everything,something,anything,nothing时,附加的简略问句主语用be和it.
例:Everythingis ready for the party, isn’t it?
五,改写成感叹句
1陈述句改感叹句
感叹句的基本句型结构有两种,即:
How+ 形容词或副词 + (主语 + 谓语) !
What +a(或an)+形容词+单、复数名词+(主语+谓语)!
*注:a(或an)+形容词,这部分可省。
感叹句中的主语和谓语可省略,但不可以颠倒顺序。
关键就在于看句中词性之间的关系。
总的原则是:what(后接名词)
how(后接形容词或副词)
改写感叹句时首先对被改写的陈述句进行分析
若是副词修饰谓语动词(则用how 改写)。
如:He works hard.(副词hard修饰谓语动词works,故用how改写)
----Howhardhe works!
若句中有形容词,要看形容词是作表语(就用how改写),还是作定语修饰名词(就用what改写)。
如:The Chinese tea tastes nice.(nice是表语,故该用how改写)
-----Hownicethe Chinese tea tastes!
Jenny is a beautiful girl. (名词短语a beautiful girl,故用what改写)
——Whata beautiful girlJenny is .
记住,选用what a (an) 时后接的名词应为可数名词单数,若后接不可数名词只能用what改写。还要观察形容词是否修饰名词,也可以观察名词后有无谓语,如果没有谓语,则应选用what或what a (an), 如果有谓语则选用how
六,同义句转换(具体讲解待后)
主要有:同义词,同义句句式转换;本词与否定反义词转换;主动语态与被动语态转换;直接引语与间接引语转换;简单句与复合句,并列句转换。
重点句型:
1.not…until…
2.so …that…
3.It takes somebody. some time to do something.
4.too…to…
5.as soon as
6.had better (not) do something.
7.What about/How about…?
8.spend…on/(in)doing something.
9.It’s important for sb. to do something.
10.There is something. wrong with…
11.neither…nor…
12.Why not…?
13.get ready for /get something.ready
14.It’s bad /good for….
15.(not) as/so…as…
16.ask/tell somebody. ( not) to do something.
17.buy/give /show/send/pass/bring/lend/tell somebody. something.
18.I don’t think that…
19.not only…but also…
20.It’s time for…/to do sth.
21, not only…but also…
22 stop somebody.from doing something.=prevent somebody from doingsomething=keep somebody from doing something
23 be glad that…
24 What’s wrong/the matter with…?
25 The +比较级…, the +比较级…,
26 be afraid of doing sth./that
(以下为典型结构考察分析)
27 used to…used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
否定形式:
didn’t use to do sth.
used not to do sth.
28,help sb. with sth. 帮某人某事
help sb. (to ) do sth. 帮某人做某事
help sb out 帮某人摆脱困难
help do sth 帮助做某事
help with sth. 如:They help with this problem.
28 Will (Would, Could) you please…?
29 keep sb. doing
30 be famous /late/ready/sorry for
31. 提建议的句子:
①What/ how about +doing sth.?
②Why don’t you + do sth.?
③Why not + do sth. ?
④Let’s + do sth.
⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.?
32,反意疑问句
①肯定陈述句+否定提问
②否定陈述句+肯定提问
how to swim 怎样游泳
33不定式与疑问词连用与名词性从句转换。动词不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when 等引导的疑问句连用,构成不定式短语。如:
I don`t know what to do next。 我不知道下一步做什么。
=I don`t know whatI will do next。
34,it seems that +从句
It seems + adj……
It seem + to be
35,不再
①no more == no longer
②not …any more == not …any longer
36.语态的转换①英语有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态
Cats eat fish. (主动语态)猫吃鱼。
Fish is eaten by cats. (被动语态) 鱼被猫吃。
37,allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事(主动语态)如:
be allowed to do something. 被允许做某事(被动语态)
Sb. allow doing something. 某人允许做某事
38,enough 足够
形容词+enough 如:beautiful enough 足够漂亮
enough+名词 如:enough food 足够食物
enough to 足够…去做…,常与too...to结构/so...that结构转换
39,花费 take ,cost, spend , pay
sth. take (sb.) time to do sth.
sth. cost (sb.) ……
sb. spend … on sth.
sb. spend …doing sth.
sb. pay … for sth.
40,what if + 从句 如果…怎么办 , 要是… 又怎么样 ,
41. ask somebody. to do 叫…做某事
ask sb. not to do sth.叫…不要做某事
tell sb. to do 告诉…做某事
tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉…不要做某事
41现在完成时态for/since与ago转换
42, When(当…的时候)与if (如果)/unless(除非/如果…不)转换
43,as soon as(一…就)与when转换
44, When(当…的时候)与until(直到…才)/ago/before转换,if/when/unless(除非/如果…不)转换
if 与with/without结构转换
45,because of , because
because of + 名词/代词/名词性短语
because + 从句 如:
46,When years old与At the age of转换。
考点呈现
(天水中考英语真题中句型转换考点呈现)
20051一般疑问句 there are some 2同义句 why not-----why don't you3直接引语变间接引语 s+ said “ 陈述句”------4 变疑问句 价格5肯定句变否定句 had to-----2006 1 肯定句变否定句-- there are some2复合句变简单句 ---+wh-- clause---3同义句 spend---take4变反义疑问句 let's...,---- ---?5简单句变复合句 “wh—?”s+v20071变反义疑问句 He’s never been...,---- ----?2 陈述句变感叹句 s+v+ adj n(不可数time))3 take------spend/pay4 合并句子 so ..., can't-------too...to5变疑问句 频率 -----how often20081变反义疑问句 He has never gotten...,--- ---?2同义句s+ said “祈使句 。”---3s+系动词+adj---感叹句---4主动变被动 s+ 过去分词---5变宾语从句 “情/be/助...?”s+v---20091一般疑问句s+used to2 变简单句 so。。。+that can't3变疑问句 价格4同义句 favourite5直接引语变间接引语s+v"自然现象..."-----20101改否定句 s+has already pp2s+will+v 变被动3Let's变反义疑问句4s+v +how clause 变简单句5划线部分提问 for+段时间20111s+v +adj(有否定前缀)---反问2感叹句 s+be表-----what a/an adj名词 s+v3变宾语从句 “情/be/助。。。?”s+v-----4s+has four lessons。。。变否定句5变疑问句 频率 -----how often20121感叹句 s+be +表------How adj s+be2变间接引语 “ 情态动词。。。?”s+v3 s单数+ cut,,,,变一般疑问句4 v and didn't v2-------------同义句5划线部分提问 for+段时间
2013
1,祈使句,and/or简单句的同义句
2,Ago与since从句转换
3,感叹句之间转换
4,直接引语(祈使句),变为间接引语
5,He often does(做).....变一般疑问句
2016
1,He has(有)...(改为一般疑问句)
2,in the days 划线提问
3,主语+see somebody do something.改为被动语态
4,主+谓语动词“一般疑问句”改为间接引语
5,祈使句,and/or简单句 改为主从复合句
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