第1个回答 2013-12-20
定语从句用来说明主句中某一名词或代词(有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分)而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。 一.词引导的定语从句1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词句子成分 用于限制从句或非限制性从句 只用于限制性从句代替人 代替物 代替人或物主语 Who which that主语 Whom which that宾语 Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which)例1:This is the detective who came from London.例2:The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.例3:The desk whose leg is broken is very old.例4:This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.2.关系代词的用法(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which。例如:All the people that are present burst into tears.(2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which, who,或whom。例如:(3) 非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如:There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated.(4) which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思是与and this 相似,并可以指人。例如:He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.(5) that可指人或物,在从句中作表语,(指人作主语时多用who)仅用于限制性定语从句中。(6) which可作表语,既可指人,以可指物。指人时,一般指从事某种职业或是有种特征.品性或才能的人。Which引导的定语从句可以限制性的,也可以是非限制性的。(7) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体,关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员,则用who。(8) 先行词有两个,一个指人,一个指物,关系代词应该用that。例如:The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.(9) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom,不用 which。例如:Is there anyone here who will go with you?3.“介词+关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构(1) “介词+关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词+关系代词“结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等,关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。(2) from where为“介词+关系副词“结构,但也可以引导定语从句。例如:We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town..(3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如:This is the boy whom she has taken care of.二.关系副词引导的定语从句1.关系副词也可以引导定语从句关系副词在从句中分别表示时间.地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语,where 充当地点状语,why充当原因状语。2. that可引导定语从句表示时间.地点或原因That有时可以代替关系副词 when, where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间.地点或原因,在 that引导的这种定语从句中,that也可以省去。三.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1.二者差异比较限制定语从句紧跟先行词,同先行词这间一般不加逗号,仅修饰先行词,可以由关系代词.关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明,用逗号与主句隔开,既可修饰先行词,又可修饰整个主句,不可用that引导。2.关系代词和关系副词的选择依据(1) 弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词,作主语.宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。3. 先行词与定语从句隔离定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分,构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如:1) This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about..2) He was the only person in this country who was invited四.As在定语从句中的用法1. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句(1)as多与such 或the same连用,可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。(2)as 也可单独使用,引导非限制性定语从句,作用相当于which。例如:The elephant’s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.3)the same… that与 the same …as在意思上是不同的。2.As引导的非限制性定语从句的位置as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活,可以位于主句前面.中间或后面,一般用逗号与主句隔开,但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如:(1) As is expected, the England team won the football match.(2) The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone.