博因河河曲考古遗址(Brú na Bóinne)是一群史前坟墓,位于爱尔兰共和国首都都柏林北50公里处。主要有三座坟墓:纽格莱奇墓(Newgrange)、诺斯墓(Knowth)、道斯墓(Dowth)。这是欧洲最重要的史前巨石文化遗址之一。
纽格莱奇墓(Newgrange),位于爱尔兰东北部的米斯郡(County Meath),是博因河河曲地区的一座通道式坟墓。是爱尔兰最为著名的史前坟墓之一。是世界文化遗产博因河河曲考古遗址的一部分。
历史
纽格莱奇墓的侧面纽格莱奇墓被认为大约建造于新石器时代的公元前3200年左右,是由一群在博因河谷从事农业耕作的人类建造的。
凯尔特人到来后,纽格莱奇墓被认为是他们的神的居所。博因河曲在凯尔特神话中经常出现。作为神的居所,它也被公元3世纪时的罗马人崇拜。他们的贡品钱币珠宝等都在石堆的顶上被发掘出来。
在1142年,基督徒建立了梅利丰特修道院(Mellifont Abbey)。纽格莱奇墓附近的土地成为了修道院的地产,这座坟墓和附近的小镇也得名于此。
1699年后,墓室被打开,纽格莱奇墓成为重要考古遗址。但直到1962年,才对纽格莱奇墓进行了第一次科学的发掘。发掘之后,内部的通道被弄直,再附上了看不见的第二条通道,以减轻顶上石堆的压力,以免崩塌。原先用白色石英建成的正面被重建,用的是在遗址找到的石头。重建正面的高度和角度都是从倒塌的拥壁上测得的。
Newgrange (Irish: Sí an Bhrú) is a passage tomb of the Brú na Bóinne complex in County Meath. It is one of the most famous prehistoric sites in the world, and indeed the most famous of all Irish prehistoric sites. Newgrange was built in such a way that at dawn on the shortest day of the year, the winter solstice, a narrow beam of sunlight for a very short time illuminates the floor of the chamber at the end of the long passageway.[1]
History
Newgrange was originally built between c. 3300 and 2900 BC, which means that it is over 5,000 years old. According to Carbon-14 dates,[2] it is more than 500 years older than the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt, and predates Stonehenge trilithons by about 1,000 years (although the earliest stages of Stonehenge are roughly contemporary with Newgrange).
In the Neolithic period, Newgrange continued as a focus of some ceremonial activity. New monuments added to the site included a timber circle to the south-east of the main mound and a smaller timber circle to the west. The eastern timber circle consisted of five concentric rows of pits. The outer row contained wooden posts. The next row of pits had clay linings and was used to burn animal remains. The three inner rows of pits were dug to accept the animal remains. Within the circle were post and stake holes associated with Beaker pottery and flint flakes. The western timber circle consisted of two concentric rows of parallel postholes and pits defining a circle 20 m in diameter.
A concentric mound of clay was constructed around the southern and western sides of the mound and covered a structure consisting of two parallel lines of post and ditches that had been partly burnt. A free-standing circle of large stones was constructed encircling the mound. Near the entrance, 17 hearths were used to set fires. These structures at Newgrange are generally contemporary with a number of Henges known from the Boyne Valley, at Newgrange Site A, Newgrange Site O, Dowth Henge and Monknewtown Henge.
温馨提示:答案为网友推荐,仅供参考