(1)-CH
2CH
3为乙基、-OH为羟基、醛基为-CHO、羧基为-COOH,故答案为:乙基;羟基;-CHO;-COOH;
(2)烷烃的通式C
nH
2n+2,该烷烃的相对分子质量为72,
所以有:12n+2n+2=72,即14n=70,
解得n=5,即分子式为C
5H
12.
含5个碳原子的烷烃的一氯取代物只有一种,说明烃分子中12个氢原子的位置均是等效的,分子结构对称,
结构简式应为
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/d058ccbf6c81800a7fb0febcb23533fa828b472e?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
,为2,2-二甲基丙烷,
故答案为:
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/d058ccbf6c81800a7fb0febcb23533fa828b472e?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
;2,2-二甲基丙烷;
(3)①丙基的同分异构为-CH
2CH
3CH
3、-CH(CH
3)
2,故答案为:-CH
2CH
3CH
3、-CH(CH
3)
2;
②4,4,5-三甲基-2-己炔的结构简式为CH
3C≡C-C(CH
3)
2CH(CH
3)
2,故答案为:CH
3C≡C-C(CH
3)
2CH(CH
3)
2;
③1-戊烯的结构简式为CH
2=CH-CH
2CH
3CH
3,故答案为:CH
2=CH-CH
2CH
3CH
3;
④2,2-二甲基-4-乙基己烷的结构简式为CH
3C(CH
3)
2CH
2-CH(CH
2CH
3)CH
2CH
3,故答案为:CH
3C(CH
3)
2CH
2-CH(CH
2CH
3)CH
2CH
3.