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(一)婉丽凄清 真挚深切
纳兰容若的好友顾贞观曾说:“容若词一种凄婉处,令人不忍卒读,人言愁,我始欲愁。”这句话正表明了纳兰容若词作,尤其是悼亡词的主要特点:婉丽凄清。这也可说是悼亡之作的共同特征:元稹“诚知此恨人人有,贫贱夫妻百日哀。”,李煜“金窗力困起还慵。一声羌笛,惊起醉怡容。”,苏轼“十年生死两茫茫。不思量,自难忘。”,贺铸“空床卧听南窗雨,谁复挑灯夜补衣。”......无不是凄切哀婉,令人肝肠寸断。这在纳兰的悼亡词中更为突出。其字里行间满是剪不断的爱意幽思,道不尽的柔肠悲歌。凄凄惨惨,悲悲切切,如断肠之曲,摧人心肝。这种镂骨铭心、魂牵梦绕的追念之情,读来使人荡气回肠,不能自已。一种凄美之感,回荡其间。这种凄美,主要体现在两个方面:(1)意象。意象是诗词构成的基本材料,语言又是诗词意象的表现形式,是其载体,是其外衣,二者是为表里。青衫、银钮、梨花影、回廊、玉钩斜路、蔓草残阳、清泪、椒浆......再看前面所列五首悼亡词中,空阶、重泉、纸灰、斜阳、碧落、漆灯、秋坟、西风、黄叶......诸如此类凄淡灰暗的意象,纳兰的悼亡词中比比皆是,举不胜举。这些意象大都蒙上了一层忧伤的暗影,染上了一种凄清的色彩,透露出悲凉伤感的意绪。未读全章,单看零词,便已有了凄清之感。(2)意境。意境是词的灵魂。纳兰词属婉约一路,婉约词之境界缠绵深婉,朦胧曲折,这是人所公认的。容若的词不但有婉约词人之共性,而且在境界的铸造上还显示出独有的特点,即其词境的凄惋。我们在读纳兰的悼亡词时总是为其所铸成的凄切哀怨的情景氛围所感,总是于不知不觉中受到某种震撼,这种心灵感受,正是由于诗人所融铸的凄惋的词境所产生。
纳兰容若的词之所以婉丽凄清,动人心魄,归根结底在于他的“真纯”。诸多词章写真意,抒真情,摹真景,说真话,绝无矫作,绝不搔首弄姿。回荡在字里行间真挚深切的情感,是纳兰词无边魅力的根本所在。
(二)清新自然 不事雕饰
徐乾学在《墓志铭》中说:性德之词“清新秀隽,自然超逸”。王国维在《人间词话》里也说:“纳兰容若以自然之眼观物,以自然之舌言情。”又说:“古今之大文学,无不以自然胜。”这里都提到“自然”。纳兰容若的悼亡词婉丽凄清、真挚深切,并不是因其辞藻华丽,刻意雕饰。相反,其词用语自然,清新平实。什么是“自然”呢?自然二字常与“真纯”连缀用于文艺作品之风格的评论上,既指作品的情感表现,又指艺术技巧,而两者又是同一问题的两个不同的显示面,前述之“真”是侧重在作品的情感表现方面,而这里所指则是侧重在词的艺术技巧,即语言表达上,就是说性德的词不刻画,不雕琢,不粉饰,纯任性灵,无论写景,还是抒情,都仿佛由肺腑流出。这些词都是亦景亦情,情景交融的佳作,全用白描的手法,有的近乎口头语的语言,或描写景物,或抒写深情,或叙述见闻感受等等,几乎无须注释。没有辞藻雕饰,没有肆力刻画,读来自然亲切。

(One) beautiful cordial deep coldish Qienalan contains if close friend the Gu Zhen Taoist temple once said: "If word one kind of place sad and mild, makes people cannot bear the private reads , human words worries about , my beginning desire worries about Rong". This words has been indicating the main characteristic that Nalan holds if word work, especially mourn the death of a word: Beautiful coldish. That this also may speak is to mourn the death of the common characteristic that does: The misanthrope has yuan Bian of "sincere knowledge here, husband and wife the hundredth day after one's death sorrow poor and lowly". ,The window besieges up the Li Yu "gold strenuously fairly languid. One Qiang bamboo flute, starts to be frightened drunk cheerful Rong ". ,Su Shi life and death in "10 two is boundless. Not considering it , certainly unforgettable ". ,He Zhu "empty space bed lies to listen to south window rain , who chooses light night again patching clothes ". ... ... All be that the plaintive sorrow makes peopel sorrow-stricken tactfully. This is more outstanding in destroying word in Nalan's mourning. Whose overtone of a writing is ceaseless scissors Aiyi thoughts on things remote all, gentle intestines elegy being unable to say completely. Desolating , full of grief, that bends , destroys popular feeling if inconsolable liver. This engraves on the bones and imprint on the heart , going after being in a confused state of mind reads that feeling, read come to make person pathetic , unable certainly already. Feeling of one kind of sad US, resound between them. This sad US, embodies in two aspect mainly: (1) imago. The imago is the stock that the poem word composes , language is poem word imago manifestation , being whose carrier , being whose outer clothing, first , second is to be exterior and interior. The green shirt , silver Niu , pear spend an image , the ambulatory , the jade hook evil way , creeping weed setting sun , clear tear , hot spice plant thick fluid ... ... Leave order empty , highly value spring , paper ash , the setting sun , the sky , lacquer light , autumn grave , west wind , yellow leaves ... in looking at what the front five mourns the death of a word column again, ... And all that chilly gloomy Dan imago, Nalan's mourning self deceased wife word meets the eye everywhere middle, are too numerous to list. These imagines have been covered with sorrowful umbra of a layer mostly , have been dyed with one kind of coldish color , have disclosed the desolate sentimental intention beginning out. Read entire chapter , looked at zero word only , have had just already that feels coldishly. (2) artistic conception. Artistic conception is the word soul. The Nalan word belongs to the single file graceful and restrained, lingering very much beautiful , dim realm zigzag of word graceful and restrained, this is that the person institute is universally accepted. Contain if not only word have common character of Ci poeter graceful and restrained , but also the characteristic shows only out , chilly being whose word boundary sigh on the realm cast-on outwell. We is always felt by plaintive lamentoso scene atmosphere cast by whose during the period of mourning self deceased wife attending Nalan a word, always in imperceptible middle accepting some being shocked kind , this intelligent feel, exactly being that are what word boundary comes into being since chilly that what poet melts casts sighs. Nalan contains if the therefore beautiful coldish , moving heart of word, depends on his "real is pure " in the last analysis. A lot of write a true meaning , express real sentiment , copy real scenery , tell the truth , absolutely not brave poetry and prose work, coquets with someone by no means. Resound at cordial deep the overtone of a writing emotion , be basic boundless Nalan word charm location. (Two) Qing Xin does not wait upon vulture ornaments Xu Qian learning to say in the "inscription on the back of a memorial tablet" naturally: Nature "clear up-and-coming star , rising star of word of morals surpasses an ease meaningful , natural". Wang Guo Wei also says in the li "the world notes and comments on ci poetry ": "Nalan contains if observing a thing with eye of the natural world, with tongue word feeling of the natural world". Say: Big literature of "at all time, all uses natural victory ". Mention here "natural". Nalan contains if mourn the death of a word beautiful deep , be really not to be written in a flowery style because of the person , carve ornaments painstakingly coldish , cordial. Antagonism , the person word term is natural , Qing Xin is natural. What is "natural"? Both the emotion pointing to work shows, and refer to an artistry on two natural often and "really pure " character the style review of joining together being used for literary and artistic works,both are two different display face of the same problem but , stating that in the front is that the emotion putting particular emphasis on in work shows aspect "really" , what here refers to be to be to put particular emphasis on the artistry in the word , be language express is listed in but, in other words not depicting , not writing in an ornate style , not glossing over , pure Ren of nature morals word natural disposition and intelligence, Disregarding describing the scenery , still expressing emotion, flow out of as if from the bottom of one's heart. These words all are the fine pieces of writing being both scenery and feeling , is a fusion of feelings with the natural setting, entire the gimmick with line drawing in traditional ink and brush style , some friendly regularly used expression language, or depict scenery, or describe deep love, or annotation narrating knowledge feel waiting a minute , needing not nearly. Carve ornaments without flowery language , four forces do not depict, read come at ease kind.
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第1个回答  2009-05-31
(a) WanLi deep sorrow sincere
If friends LanRong, GuZhenGuan once said: "if let a sad words, a BuRenZuDou, fail, I start to worry." This sentence is that if a word LanRong nani, especially the main characteristics of DaoWang word WanLi: sorrow. This is a common characteristic of DaoWang masterpiece "honesty, the yuan has become ridge, 100 couples." " Yu, "gold window force plays a Yong still trapped. QiangDi sound, start up drunk yi." Su, "10 years of life and death. No two boundless and the unforgettable." HeZhu "empty bed, listening, rain down the window who stay up all night for complex." ... All is blue thesorrowful, held sorrowfully in the heart. This was the word of DaoWang more prominent. The lines is full of love, the shear constantly's book RouChang elegy. QiQiCanCan, sorrow, such as the away games, who included 2.1. This LouGuMingXin, far, remember to make people, cannot read. Magnific A beautiful feeling, meantime. This journey, mainly embodied in two aspects: (1) the image. Image is composed of poetry, and the basic materials of language poetry image, is the carrier of form, is the coat, both for inside. QingShan, silver buttons, pear, corridor, jade XieLu hooks clear tears, and creeping weed lower, pepper paste... See listed in front of DaoWang five, empty words, heavy springs, usually, setting, BiLa, paint lamp, autumn grave, west, yellow... Such a pretty weak gray image, in the DaoWang word list everywhere,. These images are covered with sorrow, a shadow colour of sorrow, reveal the sad sad YiXu. Read chapter, at zero, then have sense of sorrow. (2). Artistic conception is the soul of words. Of all the words, orchid, graceful and restrained the graceful realm, hazy tortuous lingering deep wan, it is accepted. Let the words are not only if the school, but in the realm of common casting also shows unique characteristics, namely the word of melancholy look behind. We read the word, DaoWang when the image is always feel sad scene atmosphere blue, always in imperceptible in a shock, the heart feeling, it is precisely because the poet's word hard look behind conflict produced throughout.
If the word is LanRong, sorrow, WanLi fascanating, ultimately lies in his "pure". Many CiZhang unceasingly, express feelings, written by real scene, truth, no, never coquettishly straightening. Echoed in the deep emotion, words are true words, the boundless glamour Abram.
(2) is not pure and fresh nature carving
The epitaph "in person xu qian said:" the word of and natural ChaoYi "rookie experience. In the world of wang guowei also said: "if LanRong with natural eye view, with the tongue of the natural romantic." Say again: "the big ancient literature, with nature." There are references to "nature". If the LanRong, DaoWang WanLi deep sorrow, sincere words, not because of its rhetoric, sedulous carve. Instead, the natural, pure and fresh and smooth terms. What is the "natural"? Natural word with "pure" keep aloof for literary works of style, it refers to the comments of emotional expression, and artistic skills, but both are the same problem of two different display surface, the aforesaid "true" is the focus of the emotional aspects in the works, but here is focused on the word refers to the artistic skills, language expression of the word, that's not depict, not carve, no, any extraordinary or nature, whether by heart, like lyricism. These words are also scene also, the scene with lyrics, all of the language spoken, almost, or describe scenery, or express deep feelings, or narrative travels almost no comment, etc. No words carving, no SiLi characterization, read to nature.
第2个回答  2009-06-10
One) beautiful cordial deep coldish Qienalan contains if close friend the Gu Zhen Taoist temple once said: "If word one kind of place sad and mild, makes people cannot bear the private reads , human words worries about , my beginning desire worries about Rong". This words has been indicating the main characteristic that Nalan holds if word work, especially mourn the death of a word: Beautiful coldish. That this also may speak is to mourn the death of the common characteristic that does: The misanthrope has yuan Bian of "sincere knowledge here, husband and wife the hundredth day after one's death sorrow poor and lowly". ,The window besieges up the Li Yu "gold strenuously fairly languid. One Qiang bamboo flute, starts to be frightened drunk cheerful Rong ". ,Su Shi life and death in "10 two is boundless. Not considering it , certainly unforgettable ". ,He Zhu "empty space bed lies to listen to south window rain , who chooses light night again patching clothes ". ... ... All be that the plaintive sorrow makes peopel sorrow-stricken tactfully. This is more outstanding in destroying word in Nalan's mourning. Whose overtone of a writing is ceaseless scissors Aiyi thoughts on things remote all, gentle intestines elegy being unable to say completely. Desolating , full of grief, that bends , destroys popular feeling if inconsolable liver. This engraves on the bones and imprint on the heart , going after being in a confused state of mind reads that feeling, read come to make person pathetic , unable certainly already. Feeling of one kind of sad US, resound between them. This sad US, embodies in two aspect mainly: (1) imago. The imago is the stock that the poem word composes , language is poem word imago manifestation , being whose carrier , being whose outer clothing, first , second is to be exterior and interior. The green shirt , silver Niu , pear spend an image , the ambulatory , the jade hook evil way , creeping weed setting sun , clear tear , hot spice plant thick fluid ... ... Leave order empty , highly value spring , paper ash , the setting sun , the sky , lacquer light , autumn grave , west wind , yellow leaves ... in looking at what the front five mourns the death of a word column again, ... And all that chilly gloomy Dan imago, Nalan's mourning self deceased wife word meets the eye everywhere middle, are too numerous to list. These imagines have been covered with sorrowful umbra of a layer mostly , have been dyed with one kind of coldish color , have disclosed the desolate sentimental intention beginning out. Read entire chapter , looked at zero word only , have had just already that feels coldishly. (2) artistic conception. Artistic conception is the word soul. The Nalan word belongs to the single file graceful and restrained, lingering very much beautiful , dim realm zigzag of word graceful and restrained, this is that the person institute is universally accepted. Contain if not only word have common character of Ci poeter graceful and restrained , but also the characteristic shows only out , chilly being whose word boundary sigh on the realm cast-on outwell. We is always felt by plaintive lamentoso scene atmosphere cast by whose during the period of mourning self deceased wife attending Nalan a word, always in imperceptible middle accepting some being shocked kind , this intelligent feel, exactly being that are what word boundary comes into being since chilly that what poet melts casts sighs. Nalan contains if the therefore beautiful coldish , moving heart of word, depends on his "real is pure " in the last analysis. A lot of write a true meaning , express real sentiment , copy real scenery , tell the truth , absolutely not brave poetry and prose work, coquets with someone by no means. Resound at cordial deep the overtone of a writing emotion , be basic boundless Nalan word charm location. (Two) Qing Xin does not wait upon vulture ornaments Xu Qian learning to say in the "inscription on the back of a memorial tablet" naturally: Nature "clear up-and-coming star , rising star of word of morals surpasses an ease meaningful , natural". Wang Guo Wei also says in the li "the world notes and comments on ci poetry ": "Nalan contains if observing a thing with eye of the natural world, with tongue word feeling of the natural world". Say: Big literature of "at all time, all uses natural victory ". Mention here "natural". Nalan contains if mourn the death of a word beautiful deep , be really not to be written in a flowery style because of the person , carve ornaments painstakingly coldish , cordial. Antagonism , the person word term is natural , Qing Xin is natural. What is "natural"? Both the emotion pointing to work shows, and refer to an artistry on two natural often and "really pure " character the style review of joining together being used for literary and artistic works,both are two different display face of the same problem but , stating that in the front is that the emotion putting particular emphasis on in work shows aspect "really" , what here refers to be to be to put particular emphasis on the artistry in the word , be language express is listed in but, in other words not depicting , not writing in an ornate style , not glossing over , pure Ren of nature morals word natural disposition and intelligence, Disregarding describing the scenery , still expressing emotion, flow out of as if from the bottom of one's heart. These words all are the fine pieces of writing being both scenery and feeling , is a fusion of feelings with the natural setting, entire the gimmick with line drawing in traditional ink and brush style , some friendly regularly used expression language, or depict scenery, or describe deep love, or annotation narrating knowledge feel waiting a minute , needing not nearly. Carve ornaments without flowery language , four forces do not depict, read come at ease kind.
第3个回答  2009-05-31
翻译太多了,20分估计没人给你翻译