关于with或without 引导非谓语动词和非动词的情况

Question

比如With her skirt caught on a nail， she could not move 这里用的是过去分词，，那什么时候用现在分词，，什么时候又用不定式，名词，形容词，副词，介词短语呢？

Answer 1

这里的caught不要把它理解成过去分词，应该把它理解成被动语态 裙子被钉子勾住了 在这里caught做定语修饰skirt 有时候一个动词的被动语态和过去分词是相同形式的 但毕竟是两个意思 要注意区分。 对于什么时候该用什么你列举的语法形式，我想说 从两个方面看 1 从意思上，如果一个动作是主动意思的 当然要用现在分词 如果表示被施加 被影响 那当然用过去分词。 2 服从用词习惯 有些词后面必须跟不定式，有些词后面必须接固定的介词 比如 look at persist in 等。 有些动词后面既可接动名词 有可接不定式 要看具体意思 比如 stop doing sth 和 stop to do sth 都可以 但意思截然不同 前者是停止做这个sth 。而后者是说停止手中的活而去做那个sth。凭语感你也能理解这些规则。所以还要看你想表达什么意思来进行这些固定搭配。至于名词，形容词，副词怎么用 这个应该是最基本的了。跟我上面讲的没什么关系，不要混为一谈。形容词只能修饰名词，副词只能修饰动词和形容词 而不能修饰名词。介词+名词=一个形容词 比如important=of importance。 不知道我的回答是否是你想要的~~

Answer 2

with 的复合结构（作状语或作定语）
 with+ n. +adj. (with可以省略)
1).(With) the street wet and slippery, we had to ride our bikes slowly and carefully.
Because the street were wet and slippery, ……….
2). The students were listening to the teacher, (with)their eyes wide open.
 The students were listening to the teacher, and their eyes were wide open.
 with+ n. +adv. (with可以省略)
1). He put on his coat hurriedly, (with) the wrong side out
 with+ n. +prep-phrase (with可以省略)
1). The old man was seated in the sofa, (with) a pipe in his mouth.(Also: pipe in mouth)
 with+ n.+ to do/ to be done （动词不定式的动作还未进行）
with+ n.+ doing/ being done （动词不定式的动作正在进行）
with+ n.+ done （动词不定式的动作已经完成或指n. 所处的状态）
1). With so many problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard year.
2). He was lying in bed, with his eyes fixed on the ceiling
3). With the temple being repaired, we can’t visited it.本回答被提问者采纳