[汉译英]寻高手翻译一段物理论文摘要。拜谢！

Question

摘 要
高中物理是普通高中科学学习领域的一门基础课程，与九年义务教育物理或科学课程相衔接，旨在进一步提高学生的科学素养。在新课程改革的背景下人们的关注点由升学带来的应试教育转向素质教育。在当前减轻学生课业负担和培养学生学习兴趣的大趋势下，以快速提高学生知识能力的习题教学处在了左右为难的境界。习题多了难了就会增加学生的课业负担与减负不相符，少了简单了又不能有效地应对当前这种应试的选拔体制和新课程改革所倡导的能力提高。现如今的习题教学却单一的停留在了教师讲题学生做题上，只注重了习题的数量却忽略了质量和效果，陷入了“为了做题而做题”的单一目的的怪圈中。
在解题教学中，教师关注的重点是题型及解题技巧，往往把解题技巧直接告诉学生，然后再让学生模仿同类型的习题，试图通过类型模仿让学生记住解题技巧。至于为什么要用这样的技巧以及技巧中所包含的物理思想和物理方法则避而不谈，忽视了素质教育注重过程和情感态度价值观的培养。多少数量、多大难度的习题才能够达到我们理想的“恰到好处”？那么如何在新课程改革下进行有效地习题教学就是我们面临的一个有待解决的问题。
习题就其功能而言具有复习巩固、知识重组、提高技能、建构新知识、检测学习效果、扩大知识面等方面的功能；习题进行的主要活动有例题讲解、课堂练习、进行实验、 操作体验四种方式。无论是在教还是学的过程中，习题都可以加深对物理概念和规律的深入理解、可以提高应用物理知识分析解决问题的能力。解物理题目是学生理论联系实际的一个重要侧面。
在新课程改革及综合考试的推动下，中学的物理习题与科学技术、社会发展、生活实践及化学生物等学科结合的越来越紧密，并且加重了对学生思维能力和创新能力的培养。新课程改革提出,要全面提高学生的科学素养,重视教学方法和学习方式的转变。本文研究的具体内容为：分析新课程改革背景下高中物理习题的类型及相关教学方法；结合物理学科特点及教育学规律、心理学等相关教育理论探索高中物理习题教学的有效模式。
关键词：中学物理，习题教学，新课程，解题能力
翻译的时候你可以对原文稍加改动，有些不严谨的句子，可以调整语序或者换个说法再译，否则我不如直接用有道词典来得快。

Answer 1

Abstract

High School Physics is one of the fundamental science courses in high schools. Being an integral part of the physics or science curriculum of the Nine Year Compulsory Education Program, it aims at enhancing the science capacities of high school students. As a result of the recent curricular reformation, main concern of the general public has shifted from enrolment-related and examination-oriented schooling to the effective provision of quality education. As homework reduction and interest-motivated learning have become the main trend in our education system, those teaching practices that emphaize on drilling for rapid enhancement in the knowledge or skill level of students have been put into a dilemma. Any increase in the amount or difficulty level of the drills will increase the "work-load" of students and are in contradiction with the goal of homework reduction, while a decrease in them will render that kind of teaching ineffective in coping with the existing examination-oriented enrolment selection mechanism. Moreover, the current practices of drilling-oriented teaching remain unanimously to be lessons on the question-answering skills of specific examinations. Their emphasis is on the amount of drilling exercises rather than the quality and effect of teaching, thereby making drilling to be the end rather than the means to an end.

In this form of "drilling-oriented teaching", teachers focus mainly on calssifying and typifying all questions anticipated to be found in speific examinations and the skills in answering each type of them. Some of the teachers may even give procedural instructions to their students and ask them to practise such procedural skills on similar or mock questions. The rationale behind such skills, as well as the physical theories and thoughts involved in those questions and answers are, however, totally skipped. Omitted together with them are the emotion, attitude and value development of the students, on which quality-oriented teaching approaches place so much emphasis. However, how much and how difficult drilling exercises should be in order to be considered "appropriate" remains and unanswered question. Hence, one of the imminent problems to be solved is: how "drilling-oriented teaching" can be effectively practised in the context of the newly reformed curricula?

The functions of drilling exercises inculde consolidation and review, knowledge reconstruction, skill enhancement, new knowledge incorporation, learning result verification, and knowledge domain expansion. Activities involved in these exercises usually include example discussion, class room exercises, experiments and operation practices. These activities can help students better understand the concepts and laws of physics, as well as enhancing their ability to apply such knowledge to analyse and solve problems, which in turn is an important aspect of their ability to put theories into practical use.

As a result of the recent reforms in curricula and examinations, exercises in physics have become more related to technology, social development, daily life experiences, as well as other science subjects like chemistry and biology. More emphasis has also been placed on the development of the reasoning and innovation capabilities of the students. Furthermore, the recent curricular reformation has explicitly stated its objectives to be comprehensively enhance the scientific competence of high school students, with an emphasis on the transformation of teaching methods and learning patterns. In view of the above, the objectives of this thesis include: (i) to analyze the various types of exercises in high school physics and the related teaching methods in the context of the new curricular reformation; and (ii) explore the effective exercise patterns for high school physics, taking into account of the characteristics of physics as a high school subject and making use of pedagogical and psychological principles and theories.

Answer 2

有一句话我没翻译，不太知道怎么翻译才好。。。很久没写英文，所以翻译应该不完美，但大概是这样子的。

High School Physics is one of the basic courses taught in ordinary high schools, physics and science courses being compulsory for nine years according to law, so as to improve students' scientific skills. Following the new education reform, people's views have changed, and now people esteem quality education more than exam-based education.
Within the current framework of reducing students' workload and nurturing their interest for studies, the teaching method which consists in giving problems to students so as to improve their skills and knowledge faces a dilemma. If problems are numerous and difficult, then it increases students' workload, which is unwanted ; but if problems are reduced and made easier, then the resolution aiming at contending the current exam-based selection system and improving students' skills thanks to education reform may not be efficiently applied. The problems-teaching method used nowadays leads teachers to merely pay attention to the number of exercises given, thus neglecting the quality and efficiency of this exercises, which is why we are now stucked in a logic of “doing exercises just to do exercises”.
The main point about the solving-problems-teaching-method is the type of exercises and the skills used to solve the problem. Usually the teacher tells the students how to solve the problem, and then give them a similar problem they will have to solve using the same method, thus helping the students remembering the method. So that they do not even mention why students have to use this way to solve the problem, nor do they mention the physic theory behind, thus neglecting 素质教育注重过程和情感态度价值观的培养。多少数量、多大难度的习题才能够达到我们理想的“恰到好处”？How to teach efficiently with exercises according to the new education reform then becomes the unsolved problem we have to solve.

As for the functions of exercises, they allow students to review repeatedly, enrich their knowledge, improve their skills, dote them with new knowledge, test their study efficiency, expand their knowledge ; four main methods are used in that purpose, which are explaining and solving a problem example, doing exercises in class, making experiments and learning through practice. Whether it be during the teaching or learning process, problems may help understanding deeply further physics concepts and laws, and improve students' analysing and solving skills. Solving physics problems are a major way for students to apply theory to reality.

Thanks to the promotion of this education reform, junior high school physics and other subjects such as scientific techniques, social development, practical information, chemistry or biology are treated more closely, and the reform improved the innovation skills and thinking skills of students too. Education reform points out that, in order to improve junior high school scientific teaching quality, change is the key, especially changes concerning pedagogy and learning methods. The present study will proceed as follow : analyzing teaching methods and exercise types used in junior high school following the education reform ; exploring an efficient model of high school physics teaching, by taking into account the characteristics of scientific subjects such as physics, pedagogic and psychological rules or pedagogic theories.

Keywords : Junior High Physics, exercise teaching method, new curriculum, solving problems skills

参考资料：本人是从美国的高中毕业的

Answer 3

Outline
High school physics is one of basic courses in ordinary high school science learning areas, and it’s connected with physics or science courses in nine-year compulsory education, which is aimed at improving the students' scientific literacy. In the background of the new curriculum reform, the focus of people is promoted from the entrance exam education to quality education. To decrease students` schoolwork and cultivate students' interest, the way that improves students' ability of master the knowledge they have learned by doing exercises is in a dilemma. Too many exercises will increase students` schoolwork which is not consistent with the trend, but less、easier ones cannot be effective to deal with current exam-oriented selection system and the new curriculum reform . Nowadays the most teaching methods only single stays at the time that the teacher says and the students do , which only pays attention to the number but ignore the quality and effect of problems, so it's caught in a "work just for nothing" single-aim circle.
In Solving-problem teaching, teachers' focus more on the skills and the topic of solving problems and directly tell students the skills in mathematics, and then let students imitate the same type of problem, trying to let students remember the type of problem and the skill of solving the problem. As for why we use these techniques and what physical method and thought is contained in they ignore. They pay more attention to process but pay less attention to improving students` emotion、 attitude and value. How many problems and how difficult problem will set can achieve what we call “prefect”? So under the new curriculum reform condition how to effectively teach is the problem which waited to solve.
The function of doing exercise contains review consolidating, knowledge recombination, improve skills, construct the new knowledge, testing learning effect, the expanded aspect of knowledge etc. The main activities of dealing with exercises include four ways: exercise sample explanation, doing class exercises and conducting experiments, experiencing operation. Whether in the process of teaching or learning, problem sets can deepen our understanding of the physics concept and regularity and improve the students` ability to solve and analysis the problem. Solving physics problem is an important aspect that can test the students` ability on dealing with theory and practice.
Driven by new curriculum reform and comprehensive examination, physics problem connect closely with science technology, social development, life practice and chemical, and acquire more on students` thinking ability and innovation ability. Put forward the new curriculum reform and comprehensive examination, physics teaching is required to enhance the students` scientific literacy and pay attention to the teaching method and shift of learning style, the main topic of this paper include as following: Analysis of the background of the types and high school physics exercises relevant teaching methods. Combined with physical discipline characteristic and education related education law, psychology theoretical exploration high school physics exercises and effective teaching mode.
Keywords: middle school physics, problem sets, the new curriculum, teaching ability to solve

参考资料：我是师大学汉语言的，，不通英语，刚好有英语系的同学在这，就请他帮忙翻译了

Answer 4

High school physics is ordinary high school science learning areas of one of basic courses, and a nine-year compulsory education physics or science courses connected, which helps to improve the students' scientific literacy. In the background of the new curriculum reform by the people of the entrance exam concerns bring education to quality education. In the current alleviate student schoolwork burden and cultivating students' interest in the trend of fast, to improve students' knowledge ability in the teaching of exercises dilemma border. Problem sets much harder will increase student schoolwork burden the burden is not consistent with a simple, less and cannot be effectively deal with current exam-oriented selection system and the new curriculum reform advocates as capability. These problem sets teaching but single settled on the teacher topic students do the topic, the number of only paying attention to the problem sets are neglecting quality and effect, caught in a "in order to become a problem and become a problem" single-arm circle.

Solving-problem teaching, teachers in the focus is on the topic and problem solving skills, often directly told students skills in mathematics, then let students imitate the same type of problem sets, trying to imitate let students to remember that type of problem solving skills. As for why the use of such techniques and skills contain physical thought and physical method is ignored the quality education, while summerizing pays attention to process and the cultivation of emotional attitude values. How many quantity, how difficult problem sets can achieve our ideal "proper"? So how in the new curriculum reform effectively under the problem we face teaching is to solve the problem.

Problem sets for its function with review consolidate, knowledge recombination, improve skills, construct the new knowledge, testing learning effect, the expanded aspect of knowledge, etc function; The main activities have exercise sample explanation, the class exercises and conduct experiments, operation experience four ways. Whether in the process of teaching or learning, problem sets can deepen our understanding of the physics concept and regular understanding, can improve physical knowledge application analysis and problem solving ability. Solution physical topic is students is an important theory with practice of profile.

In the new curriculum reform and comprehensive examination, driven by high school physics problem sets and science and technology, social development, life practice and chemical combination of biological sciences closer, and adds to the students' thinking ability and innovation ability. The new curriculum reform should be made to enhance the students' scientific literacy, pay attention to the teaching method and the shift of learning style. This paper studies the specific contents of the new curriculum reform for: analysis of the background of the types and high school physics exercises relevant teaching methods; Combined with physical discipline characteristic and education related education law, psychology theoretical exploration high school physics exercises effective teaching mode.

Answer 5

LZ 俺吐血翻译一早上。。。
Outline
High school physics is one of basic courses in ordinary high school science learning areas , and it's connected with nine-year compulsory education physics or science courses , which is aimed at improving the students' scientific literacy.
In the background of the new curriculum reform ,the focus of people is promoted from the entrance exam education to quality education.
In the trend that to alleviate student schoolwork burden and cultivat students' interest , the way which improves students' knowledge ability by doing promblems is in a dilemma.
Problem sets much harder though will increase student schoolwork burden which is not consistent with the trend, but less、easier cannot be effective to deal with current exam-oriented selection system and the new curriculum reform .
Now sets teaching only single stays at the time that the teacher says and the student do , which only pays attention to the number but the quality and effect of problems, so it's caught in a "in order to become a problem and become a problem" single-aim circle.
In Solving-problem teaching, teachers' focus is on the topic and problem solving skills, often directly told students skills in mathematics, then let students imitate the same type of problem sets, trying to let students remember that type of problem solving skills by imitating.
As for why use such techniques and skills contain physical thought and physical method is ignored the quality education, while summerizing pays attention to process and the cultivation of emotional attitude values.
How many quantity, how difficult problem sets can achieve our ideal "proper"?
So in the new curriculum reform how to effectively teach is the problem which waited to solve .
For its function problem sets have review consolidating, knowledge recombination, improve skills, construct the new knowledge, testing learning effect, the expanded aspect of knowledge, etc function;
The main activities have exercise sample explanation, the class exercises and conduct experiments, operation experience four ways.
Whether in the process of teaching or learning, problem sets can deepen our understanding of the physics concept and regular understanding, can improve physical knowledge application analysis and problem solving ability.
Solution physical topic is students is an important theory with practice of profile.
In the new curriculum reform and comprehensive examination, driven by high school physics problem sets and science and technology, social development, life practice and chemical combination of biological sciences closer, and adds to the students' thinking ability and innovation ability.
The new curriculum reform should be made to enhance the students' scientific literacy, pay attention to the teaching method and the shift of learning style.
This paper studies the specific contents of the new curriculum reform for: analysis of the background of the types and high school physics exercises relevant teaching methods;
Combined with physical discipline characteristic and education related education law, psychology theoretical exploration high school physics exercises effective teaching mode.
Keywords: middle school physics, problem sets, the new curriculum, teaching ability to solve problems追问

你吐血我咋没看见呢？ 我读了你的答案，和软件翻译的结果几乎一样。 你总要动动脑筋改改吧，原文本来就很拗口，用机器翻译的只能叫做Chinglish。 没有真才实学休想拿这100分

追答

个傻【逼】。。。也没给别人推荐。。。