Paper [Chinese paper, rice paper] paper name. Due to the origin of the Xuanzhou House (now Anhui Xuancheng) named, is mainly produced in Anhui Jing County. Is the ancient Chinese paper for writing and painting.
[Edit this paragraph] [origin and characteristics]
The earliest records of rice paper found in "ancient paintings", "New Book of Tang" and so on. From the Tang Dynasty, along the ages. Xuan paper is the origin of Jing County, Anhui Province. In addition, Jingxian near Xuancheng, Taiping also produce such paper. To the Song Dynasty, Huizhou, Chizhou, Xuanzhou and other places of the paper industry gradually shifted focus on Jing County. At that time these areas are Xuanzhou government jurisdiction, so the production of paper here is called "Xuan paper", also known as Jingxian paper. Because rice paper is easy to save, durable not brittle, will not fade and other characteristics, it is "paper life thousands of years," the reputation.
(121 years) after the death of Cai Lun, disciples Kong Dan in Wannan paper, would like to create a white paper, a good teacher for the portrait, to cherish the memory of the table. After a canyon in the river, occasionally an ancient pteroceltis trees, lying on the river, due to the water washing, bark rotten white, exposing streaks of long white fibers, Kong Dan ecstatic, taken to Paper, after repeated tests, and finally succeeded, which is later Xuan paper.
According to the Qing Emperor Qianlong rebuilt << Cao Cao clan of small ridge >> Preface: 'The end of the Song Dynasty bustling occasion, beacon four, to avoid chaos busy Cao Cao Zhonggong eighth generation Sun, moved by the Qiu Chuan Jing, , Points from the 13 House, the Department of mountain clover, the field is scarce, unable to cultivate, because Yi Cai Lun technique for industry, to Victoria livelihood. Cao Dachang inherited the papermaking technology of our predecessors, and through practice, we have gradually improved, and finally made a clean white paper, because paper distribution center in the state of Xuancheng, hence the name Xuan paper.
The famous paper of Xuan paper began in the Tang Dynasty, and Zhang Yiyuan, a famous painting critic of the Tang Dynasty, said: "The good thing is to set up 100 pieces of rice paper and use wax for the sake of copying." This shows that the Tang Dynasty . According to the "Old Tang" records, Tianbao two years (743 years), Jiangxi, Sichuan, southern Anhui, eastern Zhejiang paper tribute, and Xuancheng County paper is particularly beautiful. Visible rice paper at the time has been crowned around. After the Southern Tang Li Yu, who has personally produced the "Chen Xin Tang" paper, is the treasures of rice paper, it "skin, such as egg membrane, Jianruyu, thin Guangrun, crown in a moment.
Xuan paper with "tough and can run, light and not slip, white dense, pure texture, rubbing non-destructive, ink-strong" and other characteristics, and a unique permeability, lubrication performance. Writing is the God of God, painting is a high spirits, to become the best embodiment of the Chinese art style of calligraphy and painting, the so-called "ink color," that is completed, shades of shades, texture visible, ink rhyme clear, structured, The use of rice paper, ink control, control the proportion of ink, Yun Ji has caused by a result of art. Coupled with anti-aging, do not change color. Less insects, long life, it is "the king of the paper, Millennium Shouzhi," the reputation said. In the 19th century at the Panama International Paper Competition gold medal. Xuan paper in addition to the poem painting, or writing diplomatic notes, save the best archives and historical documents of the best paper. China has spread a large number of rare ancient books, famous ink painting, mostly with rice paper preservation, still as ever.
China's three major rice paper origin: Anhui, Sichuan, Zhejiang
[Edit this paragraph] [Xuan paper classification]
■ classification by processing methods, Xuan paper is divided into the general can be divided into Health declared, cooked Xuan, semi-cooked declared three.
Health propaganda category are folder Gong, jade version, the net skin, a single declaration, even cotton. Health propaganda is not processed, absorbent and Qinshui are strong, easy to produce rich ink rhyme to the line of ink method, the ink method, to receive water halo ink chapter, vigorous Hua Zi's artistic effect. Freehand landscape use it. Health propaganda painting, although more interesting, but the pen that is set, ink infiltration Qin quickly, not easy to master.
Cooked propaganda is processed with alum and so coated, so the paper declared a harder than the water, water absorption capacity is weak, making the use of ink and color will not Yin dispersed. Therefore, the characteristics, making cooked in strokes rather than ink painting freehand brushwork. The disadvantage is that there will be a long possession of "leakage alum" or brittle fracture. Cooked Xuan can be re-processing, coral, mica Jian, cold gold, wine gold, wax gold rib ribbons, pink tiger and so on by the cooked and then reprocessing of the color of paper. Health declared strong water absorption. With light ink to write, the ink is easy to penetrate, open. Writing in thick ink is relatively easy. Therefore, the creation of calligraphy and painting, the need to master the degree of ink shades, before handy.
Semi-cooked from the propaganda is declared from the processing, water absorption capacity between the first two sectors, "Jade version" is a category.
■ According to the specifications can be divided into four feet, five feet, six feet, eight feet, Zhang II, Zhang six feet a variety of; according to the thickness of the can be divided into three kinds of cotton, net skin, special net; Double silk, rib, moire, white deer, etc .; in addition to raw and cooked points, such as alum declared, such as algae, monosodium glutamate, Chan Yi, color throwing gold, antique color declaration, watermark Wadang, a total of about 60 kinds. In general, the cotton material refers to the raw material Tan Paper content of about 40% of the paper, thinner, lighter; net skin is the Tanpi content of more than 60%; and Tepi raw materials Tan skin content of 80% . The higher the proportion of paper, better reflects the rich ink level and better ink effect, the more able to withstand the pen force. The more the paper composition, the more the tensile strength of the paper, the better the quality of the corresponding effect is: Repeated rubbing and paper will not break. This may be why the majority of calligraphy with cotton rice paper, drawing paper with leather one of the reasons most of the paper - not not use the net skin, special paper to write, but cotton rice paper has been able to meet the basic needs of calligraphy ( Unless your calligraphy style is required to be repeatedly applied in the same place with a pen).
宣纸[Chinese paper,rice paper] 纸名。因原产于宣州府（今安徽宣城）而得名，现主要产于安徽泾县。是中国古代用于书写和绘画的纸。
[编辑本段]【起源和特色】
对宣纸的记载最早见于
《历代名画记》、《新唐书》等。起于唐代，历代相沿。宣纸的原产地是安徽省的泾县。此外，泾县附近的宣城、太平等地也生产这种纸。到宋代时期，徽州、池州、宣州等地的造纸业逐渐转移集中于泾县。当时这些地区均属宣州府管辖，所以这里生产的纸被称为“宣纸”，也有人称泾县纸。由于宣纸有易于保存，经久不脆，不会褪色等特点，故有“纸寿千年”之誉。
宣纸民间传说，东汉安帝建光元年（121年）
蔡伦死后，弟子孔丹在皖南造纸，很想造出一种洁白的纸，好为老师画像，以表缅怀之情。后在一峡谷溪边，偶见一棵古老的青檀树，横卧溪上，由于经流水终年冲洗，树皮腐烂变白，露出缕缕长而洁白的纤维，孔丹欣喜若狂，取以造纸，经反复试验，终于成功，这就是后来的宣纸。
据清乾隆年间重修《小岭曹氏族谱》序言云：“宋末争攘之际，烽燧四起，避乱忙忙。曹氏钟公八世孙曹大三，由虬川迁泾，来到小岭，分从十三宅，此系山陬，田地稀少，无法耕种，因贻蔡伦术为业，以维生计”。曹大三继承了前人的造纸技术，经过实践，遂步提高，终于造出了洁白纯净的好纸，因纸的集散地多在州治宣城，故名宣纸。
宣纸的闻名始于唐代，唐书画评论家张彦远所著之《历代名画记》云：“好事家宜置宣纸百幅，用法蜡之，以备摹写。”这说明唐代已把宣纸用于书画了。另据
《旧唐书》记载，天宝二年（743年），江西、四川、皖南、浙东都产纸进贡，而宣城郡纸尤为精美。可见宣纸在当时已冠于各地。
南唐后主李煜，曾亲自监制的“澄心堂”纸，就是宣纸中的珍品，它“肤如卵膜，坚洁如玉，细薄光润，冠于一时。”
宣纸具有“韧而能润、光而不滑、洁白稠密、纹理纯净、搓折无损、润墨性强”等特点，并有独特的渗透、润滑性能。写字则骨神兼备，作画则神采飞扬，成为最能体现中国艺术风格的书画纸，所谓“墨分五色，”即一笔落成，深浅浓淡，纹理可见，墨韵清晰，层次分明，这是书画家利用宣纸的润墨性，控制了水墨比例，运笔疾徐有致而达到的一种艺术效果。再加上耐老化、不变色。少虫蛀，寿命长，故有“纸中之王、千年寿纸”的誉称。十九世纪在巴拿马国际纸张比赛会上获得金牌。宣纸除了题诗作画外，还是书写外交照会、保存高级档案和史料的最佳用纸。我国流传至今的大量古籍珍本、名家书画墨迹，大都用宣纸保存，依然如初。
我国三大宣纸产地：安徽，四川，浙江
[编辑本段]【宣纸的分类】
■按加工方法分类，宣纸分为一般可分为生宣，熟宣、半熟宣三种。
生宣的品类则有夹贡、玉版、净皮、单宣、棉连等。生宣是没有经过加工的，吸水性和沁水性都强，易产生丰富的墨韵变化，以之行泼墨法、积墨法，能收水晕墨章、浑厚华滋的艺术效果。写意山水多用它。生宣作画虽多墨趣，但落笔即定，水墨渗沁迅速，不易掌握。
熟宣是加工时用明矾等涂过，故纸质较生宣为硬，吸水能力弱，使得使用时墨和色不会洇散开来。因此特性，使得熟宣宜于绘工笔画而非水墨写意画。其缺点是久藏会出现“漏矾”或脆裂。熟宣可再加工，珊瑚、云母笺、冷金、酒金、蜡生金花罗纹、桃红虎皮等皆为由熟宣再加工的花色纸。生宣则吸水力强。用淡墨水写时，墨水容易渗入，化开。用浓墨水写则相对容易。故创作书画时，需要掌握好墨的浓淡程度，方可得心应手。
半熟宣也是从生宣加工而成，吸水能力界乎前两者之间，“玉版宣”即属此一类。
■宣纸品种按原料配比可分为棉料、净皮、特净三大类；按规格可分为四尺、五尺、六尺、八尺、丈二、丈六尺多种；按厚薄可分为扎花、绵连、单宣、夹宣等；按纸纹可分为单丝路、双丝路、罗纹、龟纹、白鹿等；此外还有生熟之分，如矾宣、蝉衣、彩色洒金、仿古色宣、水印瓦当等，共约六十多种。 一般来说，棉料是指原材料檀皮含量在40％左右的纸，较薄、较轻；净皮是指檀皮含量达到60％以上的；而特皮原材料檀皮的含量达到80％以上。皮料成分越重，纸张更能经受拉力，质量也越好；对应使用效果上就是：檀皮比例越高的纸，更能体现丰富的墨迹层次和更好的润墨效果，越能经受笔力反复搓揉而纸面不会破。这或许就是为什么书法用棉料宣纸的居多、画画用皮类纸居多的原因之一——并不是不能用净皮、特皮纸写字，而是棉料宣纸已经基本能够满足书法的需要了（除非您的书法风格是需要在同一个地方用笔反复涂抹）。