现在分词构成复合结构
1.不少动词可用现在分词构成复合宾语:
I saw Tom waving to me.我看见汤姆向我挥手。
He heard someone knocking at the door.他听见有人敲门。
I am sorry to keep you waiting.对不起让你久等了。
We found a tree lying across the road.我们发现一棵树拦在马路中间。
这些都可作为句型来记,如hear somebody doing something, see somebody doing something,还有keep, notice, find, leave等动词可跟这样的宾语。
2.在see, hear, notice这类动词后,有时可跟两种复合结构,一种由现在分词构成,一种由不带to的
不定式构成:
We saw a man standing there.我们看见一个男子站在那里。
We saw a man leave the house.我们看见一个男子离开了那座房子。
前者表示动作正在进行,后者表示动作业已完成,有时两种结构差别不大,可以换用,如:
I often heard her singing this song.我常听见她唱这首歌。
sing
3.这种结构也可用于被动形式:
He was often seen working in the fields.人们常常看见他在地里干活。
She was once heard singing this song.有一次人们听见她唱这支歌。
4.介词后间或也跟这种复合宾语:
She listened to him playing the piano.她听他弹钢琴。
He looked at the children playing under the tree.他看孩子们在树下玩耍。