é¦å
ï¼ä¸ä¸ªæ®µè½å¿
é¡»æä¸ä¸ªä¸å¿å³ä¸»é¢ææ³ï¼è¯¥ä¸å¿ç±ä¸»é¢å¥ç¹å«æ¯å
¶ä¸çé¢æ¨æ¥è¡¨è¾¾ãæ´ä¸ªæ®µè½å¿
须紧æ£è¿ä¸ªä¸»é¢(stick or hold to the
topic)ï¼è¿å°±æ¯æ®µè½çç»ä¸æ§(unity)ãå
¶æ¬¡ï¼ä¸ä¸ªæ®µè½å¿
é¡»æè¥å¹²æ¨å±å¥ï¼ä½¿ä¸»é¢ææ³å¾å°å
åå±å¼ï¼ä»èç»è¯»è
ä¸ä¸ªå®æ´çæè§ï¼è¿å°±æ¯å®æ´æ§(completeness
or
adequateness)ãåè
ï¼ä¸ä¸ªæ®µè½ä¸æ¯æä¹±æ ç« çï¼èæ¯ææºçç»åï¼å¥åçæå顺åºå¿
é¡»åä¹é»è¾ï¼ä»ä¸ä¸ªå¥åå°å¦ä¸ä¸ªå¥åçè¿æ¸¡å¿
é¡»æµç
(smooth)ï¼è¿å°±æ¯è¿è´¯æ§(coherence)ãä¸é¢æ们就对è¿ä¸ä¸ªæ ååå«å 以说æã
ãã1ãç»ä¸æ§
ããä¸ä¸ªæ®µè½å
çå个å¥åå¿
é¡»ä»å±äºä¸ä¸ªä¸å¿ï¼ä»»ä½æ¸¸ç¦»äºä¸å¿ææ³ä¹å¤çå¥åé½æ¯ä¸å¯åçã请çä¸ä¾ï¼
ããJoe and I decided to take the long trip we'd always wanted across the
country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the
necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early
spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country.
We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at
his retirement dinner. To our surpriseï¼ we found that we liked the warm southern
regions very muchï¼ and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico.
ããæ¬æ®µç主é¢å¥æ¯æ®µé¦å¥ï¼controlling idea(ä¸å¿ææ³)æ¯take the long trip across the
country.æä¸åºç°ä¸¤ä¸ªirrelevant sentencesï¼ä¸ä¸ªæ¯Bella bakes the best rhubarb
pieï¼è¿ä¸æ®µæ¯è®²çæ¯Joe and I ï¼ä¸é´åºç°ä¸ä¸ªBellaæ¯ä¸åéçãè¿æï¼Joe received a watch at his retirement
dinnerè¿ä¸å¥æ´æ¯ä¸ä¸»é¢å¥ä¸ç¸å
³ãèçå¨å级ç»èçä½æå·ä¸å¸¸å¸¸å 为é åºirrelevant
sentences(ä¸ç¸å
³è¯å¥)è丢åï¼å¼å¾å¼èµ·æ³¨æãåçä¸ä¸ªä¾åï¼
ããMy name is Roseannaï¼ and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two
hundred poundsï¼ but I joined the YMCA for an exercise class and diet program. In
one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to have that
much weight on my five-feet frame again. I bought two new suitcases last week.
Everyday I practice jogging three milesï¼ swimming fifteen lapsï¼ lifting
twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature
baby.
ããæ¬æ®µçcontrolling idea æ¯like to deep physically fitï¼ä½æ®µä¸æ两个irrelevant
sentencesï¼ä¸ä¸ªæ¯I bought two new suitcases last weekï¼å¦ä¸ä¸ªæ¯My mother was a premature
baby.
ããä»ä¸é¢ä¸¤ä¸ªä¾åå¯ä»¥çåºï¼native speakersåæ ·ä¼é åºæ¥irrelevant
sentences.å·é¢ä¸å¦æè¿ç§å¥åå¤äºï¼é æåé¢æ离é¢ï¼é£é®é¢å°±æ´ä¸¥éäºã
ãã2ãå®æ´æ§
ããæ£è±¡æ们åé¢è¯´å¾é£æ ·ï¼ä¸ä¸ªæ®µè½ç主é¢ææ³é æ¨å±å¥æ¥å®ç°ï¼å¦æåªæ主é¢å¥è没ææ¨å±å¥æ¥è¿ä¸æ¥äº¤å¾
åå
å®ï¼å°±ä¸è½ææä¸ä¸ªå®æ´ç段è½ãåæ ·ï¼è½ç¶ææ¨å±å¥ï¼ä½ä¸»é¢ææ³æ²¡æå¾å°ç¸å¯¹å满ç交å¾
ï¼ç»è¯»è
ä¸ç§æç¹æªå°½çæè§ãè¿æ ·ç段è½ä¹ä¸è½å®æå
¶äº¤é
åè½ãä¾å¦ï¼
ããPhysical work can be a useful form of therapy for a mind in turmoil. Work
concentrates your thoughts on a concrete task. Besidesï¼ it is more useful to
work ââ you produce something rather than more anxiety or depression.
ããæ¬æ®µç主é¢å¥æ¯æ®µé¦å¥ãæ¬æ®µç两个æ¨å±å¥åä¸è½åç主é¢å¥ä¸æåºçé®é¢ãä»ä¹æ¯âa mind in turmoilâ(å¿å¢ä¸å¹³é)Physical
workåå¦ä½è½æ¹åè¿ç§æ
åµ?为ä»ä¹å®è½èµ·therapyçä½ç¨?读è
å¾ä¸å°æç¡®ççæ¡ãç±äºå级ç»èçä½æé¨ååªè¦æ±åä¸ç¯100ï½120个è¯çä¸æ®µå¼çæï¼æ¯ä¸æ®µåªæ大约40个è¯å·¦å³ï¼å æ¤ï¼è¦è¾¾å°å®æ´å°±å¿
须尽å¯è½å°ç®æãä¾å¦ï¼
ããIt is not always true that a good picture is worth a thousand words. Often
writing is much clearer than a picture. It is sometimes difficult to figure out
what a picture meansï¼ but a careful writer can almost always explain it.
ãã段é¦å¥æ表达ç主é¢ææ³æ¯ä¸ç§çæ³ï¼å¿
é¡»æå
·ä½äºä¾å 以éªè¯ãä¸è¿°ä¸¤ä¸ªæ¨å±å¥åªæ¯å¨æåä¸å¯¹ä¸»é¢ä½äºè§£éï¼æ´ä¸ªæ®µè½å
容空æ´ï¼ç®èä¸æãå¦æç¨ä¸ä¸¤ä¸ªå
·ä½çä¾åçè¯ï¼å°±å¯ä»¥æ主é¢è§£éæ¸
æ¥äºãæ¯å¦ä¸æ®µï¼
ããIt is not always true that a picture is worth a thousand words. Sometimesï¼
pictures are pretty useless things. If you can't swim and fall in the river and
start gulping waterï¼ will you be better off to hold up a picture of yourself
drowningï¼ or start screaming âHelpâ?
ãã3ãè¿è´¯æ§(coherence)
ããè¿è´¯æ§å
æ¬æè¿åå½¢è¿ä¸¤ä¸ªæ¹é¢ï¼åè
æçæ¯å
å¨çé»è¾æ§ï¼åè
æçæ¯ä½¿ç¨è½¬æ¢è¯è¯ãå½ç¶è¿ä¸¤è
常常æ¯ä¸å¯åå²çãåªæå½¢è¿è没ææè¿ï¼å¥åä¹é´å°±æ²¡æå
å¨çææºçèç³»;åä¹ï¼åªææè¿è没æå½¢è¿ï¼ææ¶è¡æå°±ä¸å¤æµç
ã
ãã1)ãæè¿
ãã段è½ä¸å¥åçæååºéµå¾ªä¸å®ç次åºï¼ä¸è½æ³å°ä»ä¹å°±åä»ä¹ãå¦æå¨ä¸ç¬ä¹å没æææï¼è¾¹åè¾¹æ³ï¼ååååï¼é£å°±åä¸åºä¸æ°åµæç好æç« æ¥ãä¸é¢ä»ç»å ç§å¸¸è§çæåæ¹å¼ã
ããA.ææ¶é´å
åæå(chronological arrangement)
ããWe had a number of close calls that day. When we roseï¼ it was obviously
late and we had to hurry so as not to miss breakfast; we knew the dining room
staff was strict about closing at nine o'clock. Thenï¼ when we had been driving
in the desert for nearly two hours ââ it must have been close to noon ââ the
heat nearly hid us in; the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our
drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the mountainï¼ it was our
o'clock and we were exhausted. Hereï¼ judgement ran out of us and we started the
tough climb to the summitï¼ not realizing that darkness came suddenly in the
desert. Sure enoughï¼ by six we were struggling and Andrew very nearly went down
a steep cliffï¼ dragging Mohammed and me along with him. By nineï¼ when the wind
howled across the flat ledge of the summitï¼ we knew as we shivered together for
warmth that it had not been our lucky day.
温馨提示:答案为网友推荐,仅供参考