李桢的六国论的翻译 谢谢了

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

我读过史记中六国世家的故事，内心感到奇怪：全天下的诸侯，凭着比秦国大五倍的土地，多十倍的军队，全心全力向西攻打肴山西边面积千里的秦国，却免不了灭亡。我常为这件事作深远的思考，认为一定有能够用来自求安定的计策；因此我总是怪罪那时候的一些谋臣，在考虑忧患时是这般的粗略，图谋利益时又是那么的肤浅，而且不了解天下的情势啊！
秦国要和诸侯争夺天下的目标，不是放在齐、楚、燕、赵等地区，而是放在韩、魏的边境上；诸侯要和秦国争夺天下的目标，也不是放在齐、楚、燕、赵等地区，而是放在韩、魏的边境上。对秦国来说，韩、魏的存在，就好比人有心腹的疾病一样；韩、魏两国阻碍了秦国出入的要道，却掩护着肴山东边的所有国家，所以全天下特别看重的地区，再也没有比得上韩、魏两国了。
从前范雎被秦国重用，就征服了韩国，商鞅被秦国重用，就征服了魏国。秦昭王在还没获得韩、魏的归心以前，却出兵去攻打齐国的刚、寿一带，范雎就认为是可忧的。既然这样那么秦国忌惮的事情，就可以看得出来了。秦国要对燕、赵两国动用兵力，这对秦国是危险的事情；越过韩、魏两国去攻打人家的国都，燕、赵在前面抵挡它，韩、魏就从后面偷袭他，这是危险的途径啊。可是当秦国去攻打燕、赵时，却不曾有韩、魏的顾虑，就是因为韩、魏归附了秦国的缘故啊。韩、魏是诸侯各国的屏障，却让秦国人能够在他们的国境内进出自如，这难道是了解天下的情势吗？任由小小的韩、魏两国，去抵挡像虎狼一般强横的秦国，他们怎能不屈服而归向秦国呢？韩、魏一屈服而归向秦国，从此以后秦国人就可以出动军队直达东边各国，而且让全天下到处都遭受到他的祸害。
韩、魏是不能单独抵挡秦国的，可是全天下的诸侯，却必须靠着他们去隔开西边的秦国，所以不如亲近韩、魏来抵御秦国。秦国人就不敢跨越韩、魏，来图谋齐、楚、燕、赵四国，然后齐、楚、燕、赵四国，也就因此可以在他们的领域内安定自己的国家了。凭着四个没有战事的国家，协助面临敌寇威胁的韩、魏两国，让韩、魏没有防备东边各国的忧虑，替全天下挺身而出来抵挡秦国军队；用韩、魏两国对付秦国，其余四国在后方休生养息，来暗中援助他们的急难，像这样就可以源源不绝地应付了，那秦国还能有什么作为呢？诸侯们不知道要采行这种策略，却只贪图边境上些微土地的利益，违背盟誓、毁弃约定，来互相残杀同阵营的人，秦国的军队还没出动，天下的诸侯各国就已经困住自己了。直到让秦国人能够趁虚而入来并吞了他们的国家，怎不令人悲哀啊!

Answer 2

I read in the six countries Records family story, their hearts find it strange: all the world's leaders who, with the big five times than the state of Qin land, 10 times more than the military, committed to attacking confusing Shanxi west edge of the area Trinidad Qin, it will inevitably perish. I often this matter for profound thought, that must be able to use the stratagem from stability; Therefore, I always blame some policy makers at that time, in considering the potential danger, is so rough, so when the interests of plot the shallow, but the world does not understand the situation ah!
The state of Qin and the nobility to the goals for the world, not on Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao, and other areas, but on Han, Wei border; nobility and the state of Qin to the goals for the world, nor is it on Qi, Chu , Yan, Zhao, and other areas, but on Han, Wei on the border. The state of Qin, Han, Wei presence can be compared to people like confidants diseases; South Korea, the two countries hindered Qin Wei access thoroughfare, but a confusing Shandong edge cover all countries, so the whole world especially valued the region, and there is no comparable to South Korea, the two countries Wei.
Osprey used to be the state of Qin Fan reuse, conquered the Republic of Korea, Qin Shang Yang was reusable, conquered the Wei.秦昭王in No access to Han, Wei Xin before the naturalization, it sent troops to attack the gang Qi, TING area, Fan osprey is deemed to worry. Since then the state of Qin scruples about such things, we can see that coming. Should Yan Qin, Zhao spent two forces, which the state of Qin is a dangerous thing; crossed Han, Wei of the two countries to attack others, Yan, Zhao in front to resist it, Han, Wei attack him from behind, This is a dangerous way ah. But when the state of Qin was attacking Yan, Zhao, Han had not, Wei concerns, it is because the Han, Wei归附the Ch'in because ah. Han, Wei is the nobility national barriers, thus cause the Ch'in people can access them easily in the country, understand the world Is this a situation? Let the small South Korea, the two countries Wei, as to resist the tyranny of the state of Qin tiger and wolf general, how can they not yield and归向Qin? Han, Wei and归向Ch'in a yield, henceforth the state of Qin who can direct Eastern States dispatched troops, and so that the entire world everywhere he suffered the scourge.
Han, Wei is not alone resist the state of Qin, but the whole world of the nobility, it must rely on them to separate west Qin, as close to South Korea, to resist the Qin Wei. People will not dare to cross Qin Han, Wei, Qi to conspiracy, Chu, Yan,赵四country, and then Qi, Chu, Yan,赵四States, it can be in the area of stability of their own countries. With no war in the four countries, facing enemy threat to South Korea, the two countries Wei, Han, Wei preparedness Eastern countries no worries, for the entire world to come forward to resist the Qin army; with South Korea, the two countries deal with the Qin Wei States, and the remaining four countries in the rear off the birth rate, covert assistance to their disaster, like this can cope with the steady, then as Qin, what else can? Princes are not aware of the need to adopt such a strategy, but only slightly on the border just for the sake of the interests of the land, contrary to盟誓, destroyed agreed to kill each other with the camp, the army Qin No action, and all the world's leaders who had been trapped live myself. Until let Qin can趁虚而入to annexation of their countries,怎不Sadly ah!

Answer 3

宋朝苏洵和苏辙认为六国只会割地贿赂秦国，（六国的割地）是自己削弱自己而导致灭亡的。（他们）不知道坚守合纵盟约的重要；齐国、楚国、燕国、赵国不知道帮助韩国、魏国来（一起）抵抗秦国（的重要）：认为必须像这样（割地贿赂秦国）之后，秦国的威胁（就）可以消除。
后人痛恨秦国的原因，难道不是因为秦国统治者的残暴吗？据我看来，那六国都想做秦国所做的事，未必只是因为秦国有罪。在这个时候，山东诸侯六国中，没有一个（诸侯国的实力）能超过秦国的啊，他们沉溺于武力攻打，习惯于尔虞我诈，弱肉强食，（这）与秦国相比没有什么不同。战争连续不断，战祸连年不绝。假使拥有的地理形势有利如秦国，并且得到上天的帮助，那么六国当中的一国也可以象秦国一样统一中国。只是他们最终没有能够做秦国所做的事，因此（六国）是自己削弱（自己），而导致灭亡的。当苏秦才出来（游说）时，本来曾想得到秦国所用，而希望秦国统一天下。（苏秦）的确知道那是容易（的事）。要求秦王重用自己，他那时要为秦国谋划的原因是只怕张仪。只因他不被秦国所用，就转而游说六国合纵，他难道没有预料到纵散约败之后不能保住（自己）吗？他只是想暂且用这种方法获取一时的富贵，希望自己在世时合纵不散。他用计激怒张仪使张仪来到秦国，其意图是显而易见的，洹水之盟，还不过一年，齐国、魏国的军队已经替秦国出征了。张仪的辩说，虽说是只想使合纵离散而连衡成功，但看他说的话，即使是同一父母所生的亲兄弟，还有争夺钱财的，而想凭借着虚伪欺诈、反复无常的策略，所以陈述衰微时代人们的情形，不是很错。那六国相互图谋相互攻取，相互欺诈相互威胁，（他们）没有兄弟骨肉之亲，他们的事又不只是财物用度的小事，而（主张）连衡的人正在一天天地用强秦的威势，威胁六国，即使贤明（而有）智慧如燕昭王那样的，还只得俯首听命（于秦），不停地道歉过失。你想要求长保合纵如亲，相互辅助，怎么可能啊!
这样说的原因是什么呢？就是因为错在想做秦国所做的事。六国都想做秦国所做的事，而秦国独做了，而且成功了，这就是所说的得到了上天的帮助啊。唉!自春秋以来，战祸一天天的严重；到战国，老百姓被残害的情况，有的（已经）到了不忍说的地步了。上天很爱人民啊!难道它能使六七个君王，临驾于人民之上，天天驱赶无辜的人民，使他们手足长满老茧、小腿暴露在外，而最终被虐杀吗？它一定不这样啊!因此秦国不极强盛，就不能灭六国而称帝，不称帝，那么它的罪恶（就）不能达到极点，秦国没有恶贯满盈，也就不会迅速灭亡。这一切，都是天意，也是秦国和六国自己造成的结果啊。后人的评论，为什么偏重六国，而一定要他们存在呢!
（有人）说：“如果这样，那么六国就没有办法来保存自己了吗？”回答说：哪里是他们没有办法啊！岂止是保存下来，即使称王（也）可以。孟子（就）曾经用仁义游说梁国、齐国的君王，而他们都不采纳，可叹啊!
文章