谁可以告诉我定语从句的用法（详细）

Question

（1）定语从句的用法
（2）定语从句的关联词有哪些，怎么用

Answer 1

一�1�0定语从句及相关术语
　　
　　1. 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
　　2. 先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。
　　3. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose，as等；关系副词有where，when，why等。
　　关系词常有3个作用：1.引导定语从句。 2.代替先行词。 3.在定语从句中充当一个成分。
　　
　　二�1�0关系代词引导的定语从句
　　
　　1. who指人，在从句中作主语
　　(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
　　(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
　　
　　2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
　　(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
　　(2) Li Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.
　　注意：关系代词whom在口语或非正式语体中常用who代替，也可省略。
　　(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
　　
　　3. which指物，在定语从句中作主语或者宾语，作宾语时可省略。
　　(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
　　(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
　　
　　4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或者宾语，作宾语时可省略。
　　(1) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.
　　(2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?
　　注意：只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
　　(1) 在there be句型中，只用that，不用which。
　　There is a seat in the corner that is still free.
　　(2) 在不定代词，如：anything，nothing，the one，all，much，few，any，little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
　　All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油问题。
　　Finally，the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
　　那贼最终把偷的东西全部交给了警察。
　　(3) 先行词有the only，the very修饰时，只用that。
　　After the fire in his house，the old car is the only thing that he owned.
　　This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.
　　(4) 先行词为序数词�1�0数词�1�0形容词最高级时，只用that。
　　This is the best film that I have seen.
　　The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
　　(5) 先行词既有人，又有物时。
　　Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned.
　　
　　5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。
　　(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
　　(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
　　whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
　　(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
　　(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
　　(5) Do you like the book whose color is yellow?
　　(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
　　
　　三�1�0关系副词引导的定语从句
　　
　　1. when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语
　　(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
　　(2) The time when we got together finally came.
　　
　　2. where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语
　　(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
　　(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

Answer 2

定语，就是用来修饰名词的句子成分。所以，定语的位置就是在名词周围，也就是说，要么在名词前面，要么在名词后面，只有这两种情况。

定语可以是词，短语，句子。

当定语是词时，用形容词，放在所修饰名词的前面，这一点和汉语完全一样，是不用记的！
例如，你看到一个美女，我们来形容她：
先用汉语：你说“美丽的姑娘”，我想你不会说成“姑娘美丽的”，因为“美丽的”是形容词要放在名词“姑娘”的前面。
再用英语：你说“beautiful girl”，你一样不能说成
“girl beautiful”，因为“beautiful”是形容词要放在名词
“girl”的前面。
所以，当形容词修饰名词作定语时要放在名词的前面。
这一点是不用记的，和汉语完全一样。

当定语是短语时，用介词短语，放在所修饰名词的后面，这一点和汉语不同，需特殊记忆。
例如，先用汉语：“教室里的老师”，“教室里”就是汉语中的介词短语，你看它放在了哪里，对！还是放在所修饰名词的前面。
再用英语：“the teacher in the classroom”，“ in the
classroom”就是英语中的介词短语，你看它放在了哪里，和汉语不同了吧！它放在所修饰名词的后面。
所以，当介词短语修饰名词作定语时要放在名词的后面。
这一点和汉语不同，需特殊记忆。

当一个句子做定语时，这个句子就叫定语从句。
这一点和非谓语动词在单独学习定语时，是不需要记忆的，如果在初学定语时，也把它们算进去进行学习，恐怕会越学越乱，所以，这两个复杂的东西会在学从句和非谓语动词归类学习，这里不需要单独记忆，只要掌握好我上面说的两点，你的定语就已经掌握了。
樱花草 2008-08-22 15:14 检举
说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。

限制性和非限制性定语从句
�6�01) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：
�6�0 This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
�6�0 The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
�6�02) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：
�6�0 Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理�6�1史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
�6�0 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
�6�0 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
�6�0
�6�03) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
�6�0 He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
�6�0 Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。本回答被网友采纳

Answer 3

I. 限制性定语从句的特殊用法
II. 非限制性定语从句
III. 同位语从句
IV. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别

I. 限制性定语从句的特殊用法
1. way + 定语从句

way 后面跟定语从句有三种形式。

(1) way + in which + 定语从句

例如：

She was pleased with the way in which he had accepted her criticism.

(2) way + that +定语从句

例如：

They didn’t do it in the way that we do now.

(3) way + 定语从句

例如：

He didn’t speak the way I do.

2. as 引导的定语从句

(1) 在由 as 引导的定语从句中所修饰的词（先行词）前面常有 such 或 the same。

例如：

Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.

I have the same trouble as you (have).

(2) As 在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。

例如：

Let’s discuss only such questions as concern everyone of us.（作主语）

I never heard such stories as he tells.（作宾语）

I’ve never seen such a clever man as he is.（作表语）

(3) As 有时引导非限制性定语从句，可在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语，修饰主句，常解释为正如、如同。

例如：

As is known to all, the earth moves round the sun.（作主语）

As was expected, he performed the task with success.（作主语）

As he predicted, the wind changed.（作宾语）

The meeting is very important, as indeed it is.（作表语）

II. 非限制性定语从句
1.非限制性定语从句由 who, whom, which 引导（不可用 that），还可以由 whose, when, where 等词引导。

非限制性定语从句要用逗号隔开，非限制性定语从句可以删去，整个句子的意思还是完整的，而限制性定语从句如果被删去，句子的意思不完整。

例如：

Mr Brown, who is our English teacher, lives near our school.

Yesterday I met my son’s school master, whom you saw at my home last year.

He has finished the difficult exercise, which is easy for you.

The factory is headed by a 35-year-old man, whose wife is from America.

They will fly to Qingdao, where they plan to stay for two weeks.

In these days, when I was a child, the city had no industry to speak of.

注意：非限制性定语从句中的关系词是不可省略的。

2.非限制性定语从句有时并非修饰名词或代词，它可以修饰整个句子。

例如：

They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them.

3.in front of, at the back of, in the middle of 等短语在定语从句中的用法。

如果关系代词是作这类介词短语的宾语时，介词短语必须提前。

例如：

Yesterday afternoon we arrived at his log cabin, in front of which stood a tall

tree.

4.注意此类句子表达方式。

There are forty students in their class, thirty of whom are League members.

也可以改成

There are forty students in their class, of whom thirty are League members.

III.同位语从句

同位语从句常跟在 idea, fact, doubt, thought, belief, news, hope 等词后面，由连接代词 that（不可用 which）和连接副词 when, where, whether 等引导。

例如：

I had no idea that you were here.

The fact that he is unfit for his job is quite clear.

Then arose the question where we were to get the machine needed.

All the time she was in bitter doubt whether she was right.

IV.同位语从句和定语从句的区别

同位语从句用于名词后面，对该名词的内容作进一步说明，连接词在从句中不作成份。

定语从句用于修饰名词或代词，引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词往往在定语从句中作一个成份。

例如：

Have you heard the news that Mr Smith will come to give a lecture on Irish Fairy Tales?

这里 that 引导的是同位语从句，不可以用 which 代替 that， 连接代词在从句中不作成份。

Have you told him the news that I told you last week?

这里 that 引导的是定语从句，可以用 which 代替 that，它在定语从句中作宾语。