å
å¨æç°è±¡çç©å¨æ´é²äºé³å
æé´å¯¹åå产ççååºï¼å°¤æéè¿çç©è¿ç¨æ¾ç¤ºåºæ¥çååºå
å¨æç°è±¡ï¼Photoperiodismï¼
ããæ¤ç©éè¿æåæ¼å¤é¿çååèæ§å¶å¼è±çç°è±¡ç§°ä¸ºå
å¨æç°è±¡ï¼Flowering in response to relative length of day and nightï¼ãä¹æ人ç»å
å¨æç°è±¡ä¸äºä¸ªå¹¿ä¹çå®ä¹ï¼æ¤ç©éè¿æåæ¼å¤é¿çèæ§å¶ççååºçç°è±¡ã ããæ¤ç©éè¿æåæ¼å¤é¿çååèæ§å¶å¼è±çç°è±¡ç§°ä¸ºå
å¨æç°è±¡ï¼Flowering in response to relative length of day and nightï¼ãä¹æ人ç»å
å¨æç°è±¡ä¸äºä¸ªå¹¿ä¹çå®ä¹ï¼æ¤ç©éè¿æåæ¼å¤é¿çèæ§å¶ççååºçç°è±¡ã ããæ¤ç©éè¿æåæ¼å¤é¿çååèæ§å¶å¼è±çç°è±¡ç§°ä¸ºå
å¨æç°è±¡ï¼Flowering in response to relative length of day and nightï¼ãä¹æ人ç»å
å¨æç°è±¡ä¸äºä¸ªå¹¿ä¹çå®ä¹ï¼æ¤ç©éè¿æåæ¼å¤é¿çèæ§å¶ççååºçç°è±¡ã ããæ¤ç©éè¿æåæ¼å¤é¿çååèæ§å¶å¼è±çç°è±¡ç§°ä¸ºå
å¨æç°è±¡ï¼Flowering in response to relative length of day and nightï¼ãä¹æ人ç»å
å¨æç°è±¡ä¸äºä¸ªå¹¿ä¹çå®ä¹ï¼æ¤ç©éè¿æåæ¼å¤é¿çèæ§å¶ççååºçç°è±¡ã å
å¨æç°è±¡çåç°ç¼è¾æ¬æ®µããå
å¨æç°è±¡æ¯ç¾å½çGarneråAllardåç°çã1910âså¹´ï¼GarneråAllardå¨ç¾å½é©¬éå
°å·ï¼ç¾å½åä¸é¨Beltsvilleåä¸è¯éªç«å·¥ä½ï¼ä»ä»¬åç°ä¸¤ä¸ªé¾ä»¥è§£éçç°è±¡ï¼ä¸ä¸ªæ¯çèåç§é©¬éå
°çç¸è±¡ï¼å¨å¤å£æ ªé«å¯è¾¾3~5ç±³ï¼ä½æ¯ä¸å¼è±ï¼å¦æå¨å¬å£ç温室éï¼æ ªé«ä¸å°1 米就å¯ä»¥å¼è±ï¼å¦ä¸ä¸ªç°è±¡æ¯ï¼æ个大è±åç§ï¼å¨æ¥å£çä¸åæ¶é´è¿è¡æç§ï¼ä½å¨å¤å£çåä¸æ¶é´å¼è±ï¼å°½ç®¡ä¸åæç§æ大è±çè¥å
»ä½å¤§å°ä¸åãä¸è¿°ç°è±¡è¯´ææ¤ç©å¨ç¹å®å£èå¼è±ï¼ä»ä»¬è®¤ä¸ºä¸å®ææ个ç¯å¢å åå¨æ§å¶å¼è±ï¼å¤§å®¶ç¥éï¼ä¸»è¦çç¯å¢å åæ温ãå
ãæ°´ãæ°ãç¿è´¨è¥å
»ï¼é£ä¹éå£èååç主è¦æ¯æ¸©åº¦åå
ç
§é¿åº¦ï¼å æ¤ï¼ä»ä»¬æ£éªäºæ¥ç
§é¿åº¦å¯¹çèå¼è±çå½±åï¼ç»æåç°ï¼åªæå½æ¥ç
§çäº14å°æ¶æ¶ï¼çèæå¼è±ï¼å¦åå°±ä¸å¼è±ãåæ¥ååç°è®¸å¤æ¤ç©å¼è±éè¦ä¸å®çæ¥ç
§é¿åº¦ï¼å¦å¬å°éº¦ãè èãèåãè±è±ã天ä»åçï¼è¿å°±æ¯å
å¨æç°è±¡çåç°ã æ¤ç©å
å¨æååºçç±»åç¼è¾æ¬æ®µãã1ãçæ¥æ¤ç©
ãã å¨24å°æ¶æ¼å¤å¨æä¸ï¼æ¥ç
§é¿åº¦çäºä¸å®æ¶æ°æè½å¼è±çæ¤ç©ãå¦ç¾æ´²çèã大è±ã水稻ãçç±³ãç²ãèè±ãèè³çã
ãã2ãé¿æ¥æ¤ç©
ããå¨24å°æ¶æ¼å¤å¨æä¸ï¼æ¥ç
§é¿åº¦é¿äºä¸å®æ¶æ°æè½å¼è±çæ¤ç©ãå¦å¤§éº¦ãå°éº¦ãé»éº¦ãèåãè èãçèã大ç½èã天ä»åãçèçã
ããâ ç»å¯¹é¿æ¥æç»å¯¹çæ¥æ¤ç©
ããå¨24å°æ¶ä¸æè±æä¸ä¸ªæç¡®ç临çæ¥é¿ï¼å³æè±æéè¦çæéæ¥ç
§é¿åº¦ãæ¥ç
§æ¶æ°è¶
è¿è¿ä¸ªä¸´çæ¥é¿ï¼å°±ä¸è½å¼è±çæ¤ç©ç§°ä¸ºç»å¯¹çæ¥æ¤ç©ï¼èæ¥ç
§æ¶æ°è¶
è¿è¿ä¸ªä¸´çæ¥é¿æè½å¼è±çæ¤ç©ç§°ä¸ºç»å¯¹é¿æ¥æ¤ç©ã
ããå临çæ¥é¿å¯¹åºçè¿æ临çå¤é¿ï¼critical dark periodï¼ã临çå¤é¿æ¯æå¨æ¼å¤å¨æä¸ï¼çæ¥æ¤ç©è½å¤å¼è±çæå°ææé¿åº¦ï¼æé¿æ¥æ¤ç©è½å¤å¼è±çæ大ææé¿åº¦ã
ãã表ï¼ä¸äºç»å¯¹çæ¥æ¤ç©åç»å¯¹é¿æ¥æ¤ç©ç临çæ¥é¿
ãã æ¤ç©å称å
å¨æç±»å24å°æ¶æ¼å¤å¨æä¸ç临çæ¥é¿ï¼å°æ¶ï¼å京大è±ï¼ä¸çï¼ çæ¥æ¤ç©15 ä¸å红 çæ¥æ¤ç©12.5 ç¾æ´²çèçæ¥æ¤ç© 14 èè³çæ¥æ¤ç© 15.5 天ä»åï¼28.5âï¼é¿æ¥æ¤ç© 11.5 ç½è¥èé¿æ¥æ¤ç©çº¦14 è èé¿æ¥æ¤ç©13 çèï¼ä¸å¹´çï¼ é¿æ¥æ¤ç©13-14
ããä¾å¦ä¸è¡¨ä¸å京大è±å¼è±ç临çæ¥é¿ä¸º15å°æ¶ï¼ä¹å°±æ¯è¯´è¶
è¿15å°æ¶ï¼æè±ååºå°±ä¼åå°å½±åãé£ä¹å®æ对åºç临çå¤é¿å°±æ¯9å°æ¶ãä¹å°±æ¯è¯´ï¼å¤é¿ä¸è½çäº9å°æ¶ï¼å¦åä¼å½±åæè±ãé¿æ¥æ¤ç©ä¸ä¹ç¸åã
ããä»æç§æä¹ä¸æ¥è¯´ï¼ä¸´çå¤é¿æ¯ä¸´çæ¥é¿å¯¹å¼è±æ´ä¸ºéè¦ãé¿å¤è¯±å¯¼çæ¥æ¤ç©å¼è±ï¼å´æå¶é¿æ¥æ¤ç©å¼è±ãå æ¤ï¼ä¹æçæ¥æ¤ç©å«åé¿å¤æ¤ç©ï¼long-night plantï¼ãæé¿æ¥æ¤ç©å«åçå¤æ¤ç©(short-night plant)ã
ããâ¡ç¸å¯¹é¿æ¥æç¸å¯¹çæ¥æ¤ç©
ããä¸å°çæ¥æ¤ç©åé¿æ¥æ¤ç©çå¼è±å¹¶ä¸æ¯ç»å¯¹å°æä¸ä¸ªä¸´çæ¥é¿ãå®ä»¬å¨ä¸éå®çæ¥ç
§é¿åº¦ä¸ï¼ç»è¿ç¸å½é¿æ¶é´ä¹è½å强形æè±ãä¾å¦å æ¿å¤§èè³å°±æ¯ä¸ä¸ªç¸å¯¹çæ¥ç
§æ¤ç©ã
ãã3ãæ¥ä¸æ§æ¤ç©ï¼Day-neutral plant, DNPï¼
ããè¿ç±»æ¤ç©å¼è±ä¸åæ¥ç
§é¿ççå½±åï¼å¨ä»»ä½æ¥ç
§ä¸é½è½æ£å¸¸å¼è±ãå¦æ£è±ãçªèãèåãåå£è±åä¸äºåå£å¼è±çè±åï¼æå£ï¼çã
ãã4ãçé¿æ¥æ¤ç©åé¿ââçæ¥æ¤ç©
ããå¨è¿ç±»æ¤ç©ä¸ï¼è±è¯±å¯¼åè±å½¢æ两个è¿ç¨éè¦ä¸åçæ¥ç
§é¿åº¦ãä¾å¦å¤§å¶è½å°çæ ¹åå¶é¦æ çè±è¯±å¯¼éè¦é¿æ¥ç
§ãå
¶åï¼è¥ç»§ç»å¨é¿æ¥ç
§ä¸ï¼åä¸è½å½¢æè±å¨å®ï¼åªæå¨çæ¥ç
§ä¸æè½æè±ãè¿ç§æ¤ç©å°±å«åé¿âçæ¥æ¤ç©ãé£éèåç¦æ¾æ°å¥½ç¸åï¼è±ç诱导æ¯å¨çæ¥æ¡ä»¶ä¸å®æï¼èè±å¨å®çå½¢æè¦æ±é¿æ¥ç
§ï¼è¿ç§æ¤ç©å°±æ¯çââé¿æ¥æ¤ç©ã å°ç纬度ä¸å
å¨æååºç±»åç¼è¾æ¬æ®µããæ¤ç©å
å¨æååºçä¸åç±»åæ¯é¿æéåºç¯å¢çç»æãç±äºå°çä¸åä¸çº¬åº¦å¨ä¸åçå£èãä¸å纬度å¨åä¸å£èä¹é´å
å¨æä¸åï¼æ以就形æäºæ¤ç©å
å¨æååºç±»åçè§å¾æ§åå¸ã
ããæå½å°å¤ååçï¼æ¥å£ççæ¥æ¶ææ°æ¸©è¾ä½ï¼æ¤ç©ä¸è¬å¤äºèæï¼ä¸å¼è±ææ¶æ å
³ãç§å£åæ°æ¸©è¾é«ï¼éäºæ¤ç©çé¿ï¼æ以è¿æ¶çæ¥ç
§å°±æ¾èçå½±åæ¤ç©çå¼è±ãå¤å£çèªç¶é¿æ¥ç
§æ¶æï¼æ°æ¸©è¾é«ï¼æ¯æ¤ç©çé¿åè²çéå®æ¶æãä¸å¹´ä¹ä¸ï¼å½±åæ¤ç©å¼è±ç»å®çåºæ¬ä¸æ¯è¿ä¸¤ä¸ªå£èãå¨ä½çº¬åº¦å°åºï¼ç»å¹´æ°æ¸©è¾é«ï¼ä½æ é¿æ¥æ¡ä»¶ï¼æ以åªæçæ¥æ¤ç©ï¼ä¸è¬é½æ¯å¨æ©æ¥åºè½ï¼å¨å¤å£åç§å£ä»»ä½æ¶ååå¼è±ãæäºæ¤ç©å¯ä»¥å¤å£ï¼å¦æ°´ç¨»ï¼å¨ä¸çº¬åº¦å°åºï¼æ¢æé¿æ¥æ¡ä»¶ï¼åæçæ¥æ¡ä»¶ï¼ä¸ç§å£æ°æ¸©è¾é«ï¼æ以é¿çæ¥æ¤ç©åæåå¸ãé¿æ¥æ¤ç©å¨æ¥æ«å¤åå¼è±ï¼èçæ¥æ¤ç©å¨ç§å£å¼è±ï¼å¨é«çº¬åº¦å°åºï¼æå½ä¸åï¼ï¼è½ç¶æé¿æ¥åçæ¥æ¡ä»¶ï¼ä½æ°æ¸©çå£èæ§ååæ¯è¾ææ¾ãç§å£çæ¥ç
§æ¶ï¼æ°æ¸©å·²ä½ï¼æ¤ç©åä¸è½çé¿ãæ以ä¸è½çåä¸äºè¦æ±æ¥ç
§è¾é¿çæ¤ç©ã å
å¨æ诱导çæºçç¼è¾æ¬æ®µãã1.æåå
å¨æçé¨ä½
ããå®éªè¯å®ï¼æåå
å¨æååºçé¨ä½æ¯æ¤ç©çå¶çï¼ä¾å¦ç¨çæ¥ç
§çæ¤ç©ï¼èè±è¿è¡å®éªï¼é¦å
å°æ¤æ ªé¡¶ç«¯çå¶åå
¨é¨å»æã
ãã2.å¼è±åºæ¿ç©çä¼ å¯¼
ããæ¥åå
å¨æ诱导çé¨ä½æ¯å¶çï¼è¿è¡å
å¨æååºçé¨ä½æ¯èå°ççé¿ç¹ï¼å¶åèµ·ååºçé¨ä½ä¹é´éçå¶æåä¸æ®µèãé£ä¹ï¼å¿
ç¶æä¸ä¸ªå¼è±åºæ¿ç©ä¼ 导çé®é¢ã以èè³çå«æ¥å®éªæ¥è¯´æãæäºæ ªèè³æ¤ç©äºç¸å«æ¥å¨ä¸èµ·ï¼ä¸åªè®©å
¶ä¸ä¸æ ªä¸çä¸å¼ å¶çå¤äºèè³å¼è±éå®çå
å¨æï¼çæ¥ç
§ï¼ä¸ï¼å
¶ä»æ¤æ ªé½å¤äºä¸éå®çå
å¨æï¼é¿æ¥ç
§ï¼ä¸ï¼å®ä»¬é½å¯ä»¥å¼è±ã
ããè¿å°±è¯æï¼æ¤æ ªä¹é´ç¡®æå¼è±åºæ¿ç©è´¨éè¿å«æ¥çæåèä¼ éã
ããå¦å¤ï¼ç»è¿çæ¥ç
§å¤çççæ¥æ¤ç©ï¼ä¾å¦é«åèï¼æå
¶å«æ¥å°é¿æ¥æ¤ç©å
«å®æ¤æ ªä¸ï¼å¯å¼èµ·å
«å®å¨çæ¥æ¡ä»¶ä¸å¼è±ãåä¹ï¼è¥å°é¿æ¥å¤ççé¿æ¥æ¤ç©ï¼æ¥å°çæ¥æ¤ç©ä¸ï¼å¯å¼èµ·çæ¥æ¤ç©å¨é¿æ¥æ¡ä»¶ä¸å¼è±ãè¿è¯´æ两ç§å
å¨æååºçæ¤æ ªæ产ççå¼è±åºæ¿ç©å ä¹å
·æç¸åçæ§è´¨ãç¨è¸æ±½æ麻éåå¤çå¶ææèï¼å¯ä»¥é»æ¢å¼è±åºæ¿ç©çè¿è¾ï¼è¯´æè¿è¾éå¾æ¯é§ç®é¨ãèèçæ´æ轩å°è¿ç§åºæ¿ç©å«åæè±ç´ ï¼forigenï¼ï¼ä½è¿ç§ç©è´¨è³ä»è¿æ²¡æ被å离åºæ¥ã
ãã3.å
å¨æ诱导
ããå
å¨æ诱导ï¼æ¤ç©åªè¦æ²¡å¾å°è¶³å¤æ¥æ°çéåå
å¨æï¼ä»¥åå³ä¾¿ç½®äºä¸éåçå
å¨ææ¡ä»¶ä¸ä»å¯å¼è±ï¼è¿ç§ç°è±¡ç§°ä½å
å¨æ诱导ã
ããæ¤ç©å®æå
å¨æ诱导çå
å¨æå¤ç天æ°ï¼å³å 个å
å¨æï¼å æ¤ç©èå¼ï¼
ããèè³ï¼ä¸ä¸ªå
å¨æãå³15å°æ¶ç
§å
å9å°æ¶çé»æï¼15L-9Dï¼ãæ¥æ¬ççµçï¼ä¸å¤©ã大é¨åçæ¥æ¤ç©ç诱导æéè¦ä¸å¤©ä»¥ä¸ï¼å¦å¤§è±3天ï¼å¤§éº»4天ï¼çº¢å¶ç´«è7-9天ï¼è12天çãé¿æ¥æ¤ç©éè¦ä¸å¤©çæï¼ç½è¥ãè èãæ²¹èãæ¯ç´ çãä¸å¤©ä»¥ä¸çæï¼å¤©ä»åï¼2-3天ï¼æåè4天ï¼ä¸å¹´ççè13-15天çã
ããä¸åæ¤ç©å
å¨æ诱导éè¦ç天æ°ä¸æ¤ç©å¹´é¾ã温度ãå
ç
§å¼ºåº¦ãå
ç
§é¿åº¦æå
³ãæ¤ç©å¹´é¾å°ï¼è¾¾å°å
å¨æ诱导çè½åï¼ã温度é«ãå
ç
§å¼ºï¼è¯±å¯¼æ缩çã
ãã4.ææå
ä¸æç°è±¡
ããâ å
å¨æ诱导çå
ç
§å¼ºåº¦ï¼ å¨èªç¶æ¡ä»¶ä¸ï¼å
å¨æ诱导æè¦æ±çå
ç
§å¼ºåº¦å¼±çï¼è¿è¿ä½äºå
åä½ç¨æéçå
强度ãä¸è¬è®¤ä¸ºå¨50ï½100åå
æ¯ä¹é´ï¼æäºæ¤ç©çè³æ´ä½ï¼ä¾å¦æ°´ç¨»å¨å¤é´è¡¥å
å
ç
§æ¶ï¼å
强åªé8ï½10åå
æ¯ï¼å°±è½ææ¾å°åºæ¿å
å¨æååºã说ææ¤ç©å
å¨æååºå¯¹å
æ¯æææçã
ããâ¡ææå
ä¸æç°è±¡åççæåºææå
ä¸æç°è±¡è¡¨æäºå
å¨æååºä¸å
强ãå
质以ååä¸å
ååºç©è´¨ä¹é´çå
³ç³»ã
ããææ对æ¤ç©çå¼è±æ´ä¸ºéè¦ï¼å¯¹äºçæ¥æ¤ç©ï¼å®çå¼è±å³å®äºææçé¿åº¦ï¼åªè¦ææè¶
è¿ä¸´çå¤é¿ï¼ä¸´çææï¼ï¼ä¸ç®¡å
æå¤é¿ï¼å®é½å¼è±ãæ以ï¼å称çæ¥æ¤ç©ä¸ºâé¿å¤æ¤ç©âæ´ä¸ºç¡®åãé¿æ¥æ¤ç©åç¸åï¼å®ä¸éè¦è¿ç»é»æãåå¦å¨è¶³ä»¥å¼èµ·çæ¥æ¤ç©å¼è±çææä¸é´ï¼è¢«ä¸ä¸ªä¸å®å¼ºåº¦çéªå
æé´æï¼çæ¥æ¤ç©å°±ä¸è½å¼è±ï¼é¿æ¥æ¤ç©å°±è½å¼è±ï¼è¿ç§ç°è±¡å«åææå
ä¸æç°è±¡ã
ããç¨ä¸åæ³¢é¿çå
æ¥é´æææçè¯éªè¡¨æï¼æ 论æ¯æå¶çæ¥æ¤ç©å¼è±ï¼è¿æ¯è¯±å¯¼é¿æ¥æ¤ç©å¼è±ï¼é½æ¯çº¢å
æææãå¦æå¨çº¢å
ç
§è¿åç«å³åç¨è¿çº¢å
ç
§ï¼é£ä¹ææéªå
é´æçæåºå°±ä¼æ¶å¤±ã说æææéªå
é´ææåºæå
æç´ åä¸ã
ãã5.å
æç´ åå
¶å¨æè±ä¸çä½ç¨
ããææéªå
ä¸ææåºä½ç¨çæ大ä½ç¨å
è°±æ£å¥½æ¯å
æç´ çæ大å¸æ¶å
è°±ï¼æå°ä½ç¨å
è°±ä¹æ£å¥½æ¯å
æç´ çæå°å¸æ¶å
è°±ã
ããâ å
æç´ çç©çåå¦æ§è´¨
ããå
æç´ å¯ä»¥ä»é«çæ¤ç©å ä¹ææé¨åä¸æååºæ¥ï¼ä¹å°±æ¯è¯´åå¨äºé«çæ¤ç©çææç»ç»ï¼æ ¹ãèãå¶ãè±ãæãå®ãç§åãèè½éï¼ä¸ãå¨ç»èä¸ï¼å
æç´ å¯è½éä¸å¨ç»èçèç表é¢ä¸ã绿è²ç»ç»ä¸å
æç´ å«éè¾ä½ï¼å¨é»åç»ç»ä¸è¾é«ï¼æµåº¦çº§ä¸º10-7â10-5Mã
ããé«çº¯åº¦çå
æç´ å·²ä»é»åçååå¶æ¤ç©å¹¼èï¼çç±³çï¼ä¸å¶çãç»é´å®æ¯ä¸ç§èè²èç½è´¨ï¼å®ççè²å¢ç±»ä¼¼å¶ç»¿ç´ åè¡çº¢ç´ ï¼æå个å¡å¯ç¯ï¼ä½å®ä»¬ä¸æ¯ç¯ç¶è¿æ¥ï¼èæ¯å¼æ¾æç´é¾ï¼ä»¥å
±ä»·é®ä¸èç½è´¨é¨åç¸è¿ï¼å³ç±èç½è´¨åçè²å¢ä¸¤é¨åæç»æã天ç¶çå
æç´ ååé大约为120kDaã
ããâ¡å
æç´ ä¸å¼è±è¯±å¯¼
ããå
æç´ æ两ç§åå¨å½¢å¼ï¼PråPfrãå¨é»åç»ç»ä¸ï¼å
æç´ å¤§é¨å以红å
å¸æ¶åï¼Prï¼åå¨ï¼å
¶å¸æ¶é«å³°å¨660nmãå½ç¨çº¢å
ç
§å°æ¶ï¼Prçå¸æ¶å
è°±åçååï¼å¸æ¶é«å³°å¨725 nmãè¿è¯´æéè¿çº¢å
ç
§å°Pr已转å为å¦ä¸ç§å½¢å¼ï¼Pfrï¼ã
ããå
æç´ å¨å¼è±ä¸å¦ä½äº§çççæåºï¼ç®åè¿ä¸æ¸
æ¥ãå
æç´ æ¬èº«å¹¶ä¸æ¯å¼è±åºæ¿ç©ï¼ä½å®å¯ä»¥è§¦åå¼è±åºæ¿ç©çå½¢æï¼åæææ¿æ´»ï¼ãç°å¨ä¸è¬è®¤ä¸ºï¼ä¸è®ºæ¯çæ¥æ¤ç©ï¼SDPï¼è¿æ¯é¿æ¥æ¤ç©(LDP)ï¼å
¶å¼è±é½ä¸Pfrä¸Prçæ¯ä¾æå
³ã对äºSDPï¼å¨å
æç»ææ¶ï¼Pfr/Præ¯å¼é«ï¼å 为å¨ç½å¤©ï¼çº¢å
æ¯ä¾å¤§ï¼æå©äºPfrçå½¢æï¼ï¼å¼è±åºæ¿ç©çåæåå°é»æ¢ã转å
¥å¤é´åï¼PfråPré转ï¼Pfr/Præ¯å¼åå°ãå½æ¤å¼å°ä¸å®æ°´å¹³æ¶ï¼å°±ä¼è§¦åå¼å¯¼å¼è±åºæ¿ç©å½¢æç代谢è¿ç¨ï¼SDPçæè±ååºå°±å¯ä»¥åçãå¦ææ为红å
æé´æï¼Pr转æ¢æPfrï¼Pfr/Præ¯å¼åé«ï¼å¼è±åºæ¿ç©çå½¢æå³éåé»æ¢ã
ãã对äºLDPï¼å½¢æå¼è±åºæ¿ç©ï¼è¦æ±è¾é«çPfr/Præ¯å¼ï¼è¿ä¸æ¯å¼å¯å¨é¿å
æç»ææ¶è·å¾ãå¦æå¨çæ¥ç
§ä¸ï¼ææè¿é¿ï¼åPfr转å为Prï¼æPfråå°ç ´åï¼Pfr/Prå¼è¾¾ä¸å°è¾é«æ°´å¹³ï¼å¼è±åºæ¿ç©å°±ä¸è½å½¢æãææç红å
é´æï¼å¯ä½¿Pfr/Prå¼éæ°æé«ï¼ä½¿å¼è±åºæ¿ç©å¾ä»¥åæï¼é¿æ¥æ¤ç©å°±å¯ä»¥å¼è±ã åèèµæç¼è¾æ¬æ®µ
http://baike.baidu.com/view/705261.html?fromTaglist