能详细说下如何找词根词基词干的方法吗
追答看看词汇学对这几个词的定义就好。我这边就简单解释一下。
Root: A root is that part of the word left when all the affixes(inflectional and derivational) are removed.
词根/词源是指去除所有词缀(曲折词缀及派生词缀)后留下的词,这个词必须要是有意义的词。
Stem: A stem is part of a word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed.
词干是指去掉曲折词缀后留下来的词。屈折词缀不会改变词类,会根据语义与语法的变化而变化;派生词缀会改变词类,根据词的需要而变化。你可以笼统理解为曲折词缀就是"-s/es""-ing""-ed"等一些不会改变单词意思的复数,时态等词缀,而派生词缀是指会改变词的意义的词缀,比如“undesirable"中的"un-"。
Base: A base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added .This means any stem and root can be termed as a base.
词基是指不论是曲折词缀还是派生词缀都可以加上去的单词形式。比如undesirables,un-和-able是派生词缀,-s是曲折词缀,所以desire, desirable, undesirable都是词基,因为它们都还可以加上词缀。"undesire"是不存在的词,所以不算在内。
能在举几个例子吗?
追答unfortunately: root--- fortune; stem--- unfortunately; base--- fortune, fortunate, fortunately, unfortunate
这里面un-, -ate,-ly都是派生词缀
bookshelves: root--- book, shelf; stem--- bookshelf; base--- book, shelf, bookshelf
这里面-s是曲折词缀