第1个回答 2019-11-19
Learn How to Practice Well
10,000-hour rule", which states that it takes ten thousand hours of practice to achieve excellence in any field. This idea has become widely cited as common sense.
But that’s not the whole story.
Author, journalist, and psychologist Daniel Goleman points out the primary problem with the 10,000-hour rule in his book Focus: The Hidden Driver of Excellence.
_The “10,000-hour rule”—that this level of practice holds the secret to great success in any field—has become sacrosanct gospel, echoed on websites and recited as litany in high-performance workshops. The problem: it’s only half true. If you are a duffer at golf, say, and make the same mistakes every time you try a certain swing or putt, 10,000 hours of practicing that error will not improve your game. You’ll still be a duffer, albeit an older one.
No less an expert than Anders Ericsson, the Florida State University psychologist whose research on expertise spawned the 10,000-hour rule of thumb, told me, “You don’t get benefits from mechanical repetition, but by adjusting your execution over and over to get closer to your goal.”
In other words, you must master practice in order to create mastery through practice. Practice alone—simply dedicating time to repeat the actions you want to master—is not enough. Your practice must have your full attention, and you must have a goal of continually learning to practice better.
Focus Your Energy on Your Most Important Skills
In our increasingly hectic world, it’s no wonder that people are seeking solace in simplicity, in everything from capsule wardrobes to tiny homes. Simplicity has always been a quality inherent to the craftsperson: They don’t complicate their lives, workspaces, or craft with anything unessential. By mastering the tools and rules of their craft, they’re able to free their minds to focus on doing their best work.
This focus is a key tenant of mastery. The reason is simple: You cannot be a master of many things. A commitment to simply "do better at everything" in your job will result in scattered effort that yields few, if any, results. And while societal pressure pushes us in the direction of adding more and more balls to the juggling act of our life, the reality is that you have limited time and energy. You can’t add more of these precious resources—but you can decide whether to focus them or diffuse them.
As an example, think of light. When you focus a beam of light, it intensifies—think of the power that a lightbulb focused through a magnifying glass has to ignite dry grass or small bugs. However, when you diffuse that same lightbulb through a lampshade, you end up with dimmer light and less effective energy.
By restricting the number of tasks and skills you focus on, you're similarly able to get the most important things done consistently and get them done faster and better. To borrow from the philosophy that led to Unix's success: "Do One Thing and Do It Well."
But with so many skills and tasks playing into the job(s) you do every day, where should you focus your time and effort? You can’t expect to master every aspect of your job, but luckily you don’t have to in order to make a big difference.
This is thanks to what are known as keystone habits. “Some habits have the power to start a chain reaction, changing other habits as they move through an organization,” says Charles Duhigg in his book, The Power of Habit. “Some habits, in other words, matter more than others in remaking businesses and lives.”